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Elimination
Elimination may refer to: Science and medicine * Elimination reaction, an organic reaction in which two functional groups split to form an organic product *Bodily waste elimination, discharging feces, urine, or foreign substances from the body via defecation, urination, and emesis *Drug elimination, clearance of a drug or other foreign agent from the body *Elimination, the destruction of an infectious disease in one region of the world as opposed to its eradication from the entire world * Hazard elimination, the most effective type of hazard control *Elimination (pharmacology), processes by which a drug is eliminated from an organism Logic and mathematics * Elimination theory, the theory of the methods to eliminate variables between polynomial equations. * Disjunctive syllogism, a rule of inference * Gaussian elimination, a method of solving systems of linear equations * Fourier–Motzkin elimination, an algorithm for reducing systems of linear inequalities * Proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eradication Of Infectious Diseases
Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero. Two infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest in ruminants. There are four ongoing programs, targeting the human diseases poliomyelitis (polio), yaws, dracunculiasis (Guinea worm), and malaria. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication— measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and cysticercosis (pork tapeworm). The concept of disease eradication is sometimes confused with disease ''elimination'', which is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in a regional population to zero, or the reduction of the global prevalence to a negligible amount. Further confusion arises from the use of the term 'eradication' to refer to the total removal of a given pathogen from an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination Reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction. The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB, exists. Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism. E2 mechanism The E2 mechanism, where E2 stands for bimolecular elimination, involves a one-step mechanism in which ''carbon-hydrogen'' and ''carbon-halogen'' bonds break to form a double bond (''C=C Pi bond''). The specifics of the reaction are as follows: * E2 is a single step elimination, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaussian Elimination
In mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients. This method can also be used to compute the rank of a matrix, the determinant of a square matrix, and the inverse of an invertible matrix. The method is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) although some special cases of the method—albeit presented without proof—were known to Chinese mathematicians as early as circa 179 AD. To perform row reduction on a matrix, one uses a sequence of elementary row operations to modify the matrix until the lower left-hand corner of the matrix is filled with zeros, as much as possible. There are three types of elementary row operations: * Swapping two rows, * Multiplying a row by a nonzero number, * Adding a multiple of one row to another row. (subtraction can be achieved by multiplying one row with -1 and adding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournament
A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses: # One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentrated into a relatively short time interval. # A competition involving a number of matches, each involving a subset of the competitors, with the overall tournament winner determined based on the combined results of these individual matches. These are common in those sports and games where each match must involve a small number of competitors: often precisely two, as in most team sports, racket sports and combat sports, many card games and board games, and many forms of competitive debating. Such tournaments allow large numbers to compete against each other in spite of the restriction on numbers in a single match. These two senses are distinct. All golf tournaments meet the first definition, but while match play tournaments meet the second, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourier–Motzkin Elimination
Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions. The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier who proposed the method in 1826 and Theodore Motzkin who re-discovered it in 1936. Elimination The elimination of a set of variables, say ''V'', from a system of relations (here linear inequalities) refers to the creation of another system of the same sort, but without the variables in ''V'', such that both systems have the same solutions over the remaining variables. If all variables are eliminated from a system of linear inequalities, then one obtains a system of constant inequalities. It is then trivial to decide whether the resulting system is true or false. It is true if and only if the original system has solutions. As a consequence, elimination of all variables can be used to detect whether a system of inequalities has solutions or not. Consider a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassin (game)
Assassin (also Killer) is a live-action game in which players try to eliminate one another using mock weapons, in an effort to become the last surviving player. Assassin is particularly popular on college campuses; several universities have a dedicated "Assassins' Guild" society, which organizes games for their members. Gameplay occurs at all hours and in all places unless otherwise disallowed by the rules. Since an elimination attempt could occur at any time, successful players are obliged to develop a degree of vigilance. Gameplay The Assassin game has several published variants, such as the Steve Jackson book ''Killer: The Game of Assassination'', first published in 1982, and different guilds tend to create their own sets of rules and procedures. As such, the specific style of play is likely to vary between one group and the next. Rules Game hosts (also called umpires or referees) begin by advertising that a game is being set up and instruct potential players to send in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination (pharmacology)
In pharmacology the elimination or excretion of a drug is understood to be any one of a number of processes by which a drug is eliminated (that is, cleared and excreted) from an organism either in an unaltered form (unbound molecules) or modified as a metabolite. The kidney is the main excretory organ although others exist such as the liver, the skin, the lungs or glandular structures, such as the salivary glands and the lacrimal glands. These organs or structures use specific routes to expel a drug from the body, these are termed elimination pathways: * Urine * Tears * Perspiration * Saliva * Respiration * Milk * Faeces * Bile Drugs are excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration and by active tubular secretion following the same steps and mechanisms as the products of intermediate metabolism. Therefore, drugs that are filtered by the glomerulus are also subject to the process of passive tubular reabsorption. Glomerular filtration will only remove those drugs or metabolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination From Postseason Contention
Elimination from postseason contention, or being eliminated from playoff contention, refers to the point when it is no longer mathematically possible for a team in a sports league to qualify for the postseason, including if they win every remaining game and the team(s) they are trailing lose(s) every remaining game. This occurs when the number of wins paired with losses of higher-ranking teams in the league or division needed in order to reach first place in the division or a wild card spot (where applicable) exceeds the remaining number of games to be played. The concept of being "eliminated from playoff contention" is applicable to sports leagues and programs where qualifying requires a first-place finish or at-large bid (i.e., a "wild card" spot). It does not apply to certain sports leagues, often (but not always) for some high school and college-level sports where all teams participate in the playoffs or conference tournament, regardless of record. It also does not strictly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination Theory
Elimination may refer to: Science and medicine *Elimination reaction, an organic reaction in which two functional groups split to form an organic product *Bodily waste elimination, discharging feces, urine, or foreign substances from the body via defecation, urination, and emesis *Drug elimination, clearance of a drug or other foreign agent from the body *Elimination, the destruction of an infectious disease in one region of the world as opposed to its eradication from the entire world *Hazard elimination, the most effective type of hazard control * Elimination (pharmacology), processes by which a drug is eliminated from an organism Logic and mathematics * Elimination theory, the theory of the methods to eliminate variables between polynomial equations. * Disjunctive syllogism, a rule of inference * Gaussian elimination, a method of solving systems of linear equations * Fourier–Motzkin elimination, an algorithm for reducing systems of linear inequalities * Process of e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazard Elimination
Hazard elimination is a hazard control strategy based on completely removing a material or process causing a hazard. Elimination is the most effective of the five members of the hierarchy of hazard controls in protecting workers, and where possible should be implemented before all other control methods. Many jurisdictions require that an employer eliminate hazards if it is possible, before considering other types of hazard control. Elimination is most effective early in the design process, when it may be inexpensive and simple to implement. It is more difficult to implement for an existing process, when major changes in equipment and procedures may be required. Elimination can fail as a strategy if the hazardous process or material is reintroduced at a later stage in the design or production phases. The complete elimination of hazards is a major component to the philosophy of Prevention through Design, which promotes the practice of eliminating hazards at the earliest design s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variable Elimination
Variable elimination (VE) is a simple and general exact inference algorithm in probabilistic graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields.Zhang, N.L., Poole, D.:A Simple Approach to Bayesian Network Computations.In: 7th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence,pp. 171--178. Springer, New York (1994) It can be used for inference of maximum a posteriori (MAP) state or estimation of conditional or marginal distributions over a subset of variables. The algorithm has exponential time complexity, but could be efficient in practice for low-treewidth graphs, if the proper elimination order is used. Factors Enabling a key reduction in algorithmic complexity, a factor f, also known as a potential, of variables V is a relation between each instantiation of v of variables f to a non-negative number, commonly denoted as f(x). A factor does not necessarily have a set interpretation. One may perform operations on factors of different representations such as a probab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimination (accounting)
In business, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few much larger ones. In the context of financial accounting, ''consolidation'' refers to the aggregation of financial statements of a group company as consolidated financial statements. The taxation term of consolidation refers to the treatment of a group of companies and other entities as one entity for tax purposes. Under the Halsbury's Laws of England, 'amalgamation' is defined as "a blending together of two or more undertakings into one undertaking, the shareholders of each blending company, becoming, substantially, the shareholders of the blended undertakings. There may be amalgamations, either by transfer of two or more undertakings to a new company or the transfer of one or more companies to an existing company". Overview Consolidation is the practice, in business, of legally combining two or more organizations into a single new one. Upon consolidation, the origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
