Effector-triggered Immunity

	Effector-triggered Immunity Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is one of the pathways, along with the Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) pathway, by which the innate immune system recognises pathogenic organisms and elicits a protective immune response. ETI is elicited when an effector protein secreted by a pathogen into the host cell is successfully recognised by the host. Alternatively, effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) can occur if an effector protein is able to block the immune response triggered by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and evade immunity, allowing the pathogen to propagate in the host. ETI was first identified in plants but has also been identified in animal cells. The basis of the ETI model lies in the gene-for-gene resistance hypothesis proposed by Harold Henry Flor Harold Henry Flor known as H. H. Flor (1900–1991) was a plant pathologist famous for proposing the Gene-for-gene relationship, gene for gene hypothesis of plant-pathogen genetic interaction whilst working on rust (Mel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Effector Triggered Immunity Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is one of the pathways, along with the Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) pathway, by which the innate immune system recognises pathogenic organisms and elicits a protective immune response. ETI is elicited when an effector protein secreted by a pathogen into the host cell is successfully recognised by the host. Alternatively, effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) can occur if an effector protein is able to block the immune response triggered by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and evade immunity, allowing the pathogen to propagate in the host. ETI was first identified in plants but has also been identified in animal cells. The basis of the ETI model lies in the gene-for-gene resistance hypothesis proposed by Harold Henry Flor Harold Henry Flor known as H. H. Flor (1900–1991) was a plant pathologist famous for proposing the gene for gene hypothesis of plant-pathogen genetic interaction whilst working on rust ( ''Melampsora lini'') of flax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Innate Immune System The innate, or nonspecific, immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. The innate immune system is an older evolutionary defense strategy, relatively speaking, and is the dominant immune system response found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms (see Beyond vertebrates).. The major functions of the innate immune system are to: * recruit immune cells to infection sites by producing chemical factors, including chemical mediators called cytokines * activate the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells * identify and remove foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by specialized white blood cells * activate the adaptive immune system through antigen presentation * act as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents; via physical measures such as skin and chemical measures such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pattern Recognition Receptor Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the proper function of the innate immune system. PRRs are germline-encoded host sensors, which detect molecules typical for the pathogens. They are proteins expressed, mainly, by cells of the innate immune system, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and epithelial cells, to identify two classes of molecules: pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are associated with microbial pathogens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are associated with components of host's cells that are released during cell damage or death. They are also called primitive pattern recognition receptors because they evolved before other parts of the immune system, particularly before adaptive immunity. PRRs also mediate the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune response and release of inflammatory cytokines. The microbe-specific molecules that are recognized by a given PRR are called p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Harold Henry Flor Harold Henry Flor known as H. H. Flor (1900–1991) was a plant pathologist famous for proposing the Gene-for-gene relationship, gene for gene hypothesis of plant-pathogen genetic interaction whilst working on rust (Melampsora lini var. lini, ''Melampsora lini'') of flax (''Linum usitatissimum''). Life and career Harold Henry Flor completed his B.S. at the University of Minnesota in 1922, and continued on to an M.S. degree there for the following two years. He received his M.S. degree in June 1924 for his research work entitled ''Control of covered smuts of small grains''. Between January 1924 and May 1925 he worked at Iowa State College as a Research Fellow and completed his work on the ''Fungicidal activity of furfural'' there. For a year between September 1925 to September 1926 he worked as a Research Fellow at the graduate school of the University of Minnesota, following which he completed a research work on root rot in sugarcane supervised by E.G. Edgerton at the State Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]