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Economy Of Turkey
The economy of Turkey is an Emerging market, emerging free-market economy. It ranked as the List of countries by GDP (nominal), 16th-largest in the world and List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal), 7th-largest in Europe by nominal GDP in 2025. It also ranked as the List of countries by GDP (PPP), 12th-largest in the world and 5th-largest in Europe by purchasing power parity, PPP in 2025. Turkey's 2000s Turkish economic boom, rapid economic growth since the 2000s was stranded by the Turkish economic crisis (2018–current), economic crisis in 2018, but it began to recover in 2021. Turkey's United States dollar, USD-based nominal GDP per capita and GDP-PPP per capita have eventually reached their all-time peak values in 2024. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD and G20. Ratified in 1995, the European Union–Turkey Customs Union has established a European Union Customs Union, free trade area between Turkey and the European Union, which has increased bilateral foreig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By GNI (nominal) Per Capita
This is a list of countries by gross national income per capita in 2023 at nominal values, according to the Atlas method, an indicator of income developed by the World Bank. The GNI per capita is the dollar value of a country's final income in a year, divided by its population. It should be reflecting the average before tax income of a country's citizens. Knowing a country's GNI per capita is a good first step toward understanding the country's economic strengths and needs, as well as the general standard of living on average. A country's GNI per capita tends to be closely linked with other indicators that measure the social, economic, and environmental well-being of the country and its people. The GNI per capita at Purchasing power parity are shown at list of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita. Change of GNI per capita with time are at list of countries by GNI per capita growth. List of countries and dependencies All data is in U.S. dollars. Rankings shown are those given ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkstat
Turkish Statistical Institute (commonly known as TurkStat; or TÜİK) is the Turkish government agency commissioned with producing official statistics on Turkey, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. It was founded in 1926 and headquartered in Ankara. Formerly named as the State Institute of Statistics (Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü (DİE)), the institute was renamed as the Turkish Statistical Institute on November 18, 2005. See also * List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy References External linksOfficial website of the institute National statistical services Statistical Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a s ... Organizations established in 1926 Organizations based in Ankara {{Sci-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Construction And Contracting Industry
The Turkish construction and contracting industry is one of the key sectors of Turkey's economy. Earthquakes Some contractors and construction companies in Turkey have been accused of corruption for their lack of compliance with the latest safety regulations and laws, causing many deaths in earthquakes. Climate change Turkish contracting in the international market During the periods in which investments slowed down in the public and private sectors, foreign contracting services gained importance. The shrinking of the economy in Turkey and the bottleneck in the construction sector resulting from it, has forced construction companies to concentrate more on business abroad. The opening of the Turkish contractors to foreign markets started at the beginning of the 1970s. The first country to which Turkish contractors exported their services was Libya, where they started their projects by importing the necessary technology from European countries. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fishing In Turkey
A third of fishing in Turkey is commercial fishing from wild fisheries but most is aquaculture. In 2018, the seafood sector provided employment for 53 thousand people and produced 0.6 million tons of fish. According to the OECD, this produced a value of almost US$1.5 billion. Turkey is surrounded by seas on three sides and has a coastline of , and its natural lakes make up approximately , with of reservoirs, and of rivers. Per capita fish consumption is low in Turkey despite being surrounded by seas. Distribution Geography Fishing is carried out in the Turkish territorial waters of the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean, in Sea of Marmara, the Sea of Marmara and the straits (Bosporus, Bosphorus and Dardanelles) and inland waters. The coastline of Turkey, surrounded by seas on three sides, is . Territorial waters are out from the Mediterranean and Black Seas coastlines, and out in the Aegean Sea. The Marmara and the Turkish Strai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest In Turkey
Forests cover almost a third of Turkey. They are almost all State forest, state-owned, and vary from temperate rainforest in the north-east to Maquis shrubland, maquis in the south and west. Pine, fir, oak and beech are common. After the Holocene glacial retreat, glaciers retreated over ten thousand years ago, woods grew to cover most of the land which is now Turkey; however over thousands of years, many of the trees have been cut down. Reforestation#Turkey, The country is slowly reforesting, which is beneficial for wildlife of Turkey, its wildlife and to Carbon sink, absorb carbon to help limit Climate change in Turkey, climate change. As of the mid-2020s, the main product of Turkey's forests is wood, and they are also important for recreation. Almost half the forest is badly Degraded forest, degraded, and the woodlands are threatened by Drought in Turkey, drought, Wildfires in Turkey, wildfire, Mining in Turkey, mining, and Forest pathology, pests and diseases. Definition a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agriculture In Turkey
Agriculture is still an important sector of Economy of Turkey, Turkey's economy, and the country is one of the world's top ten agricultural producers. Wheat, sugar beet, milk, poultry, cotton, vegetables and fruit are major products; and Turkey is the world's largest Hazelnut production in Turkey, grower of hazelnuts, apricots, and oregano. Half of Turkey's land is agricultural, and farming employs about 15% of the workforce, but under half a million farmers. It provides about 10% of exports and over 5% of gross domestic product (GDP). Over 380 billion Turkish lira, lira of agricultural subsidy is budgeted for 2024. Despite being a major food producer, Turkey is a net wheat importer, much of it coming from Agriculture in Russia, Russia and Agriculture in Ukraine, Ukraine. Turkey is the European cuisine, European Union's fourth largest vegetable supplier and seventh largest fruit supplier. Turkey would like to extend the European Union–Turkey Customs Union, EU Customs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport In Turkey
Transport in Turkey is road-dominated and mostly fuelled by diesel. Transport consumes a quarter of energy in Turkey, and is a major source of air pollution in Turkey and greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey. The World Health Organization has called for more active transport such as cycling. As of 2023 health impact assessment is not done in Turkey. Rail transport Rail network The TCDD – Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları (Turkish State Railways) possess 13,919 km of gauge, of which 7,142 km are electrified (2024). There are daily regular passenger trains all through the network. TCDD has started an investment program of building 5.000 km high-speed lines until 2023. Multiple high speed train routes are running, including: Ankara-Eskişehir-İstanbul, Ankara-Konya and Ankara-Sivas lines. The freight transportation is mainly organized as block trains for domestic routes, since TCDD discourages under 200 to loads by surcharges. Urban rail After almost 30 ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By GDP (PPP) Per Capita
A country's gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita is the PPP value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year. This is similar to nominal GDP per capita but adjusted for the cost of living in each country. In 2023, the estimated average GDP per capita (PPP) of all of the countries was Int$22,452. For rankings regarding wealth, see list of countries by wealth per adult. Method The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita figures on this page are derived from PPP calculations. Such calculations are prepared by various organizations, including the IMF and the World Bank. As estimates and assumptions have to be made, the results produced by different organizations for the same country are not hard facts and tend to differ, sometimes substantially, so they should be used with caution. Comparisons of national wealth are frequently made based on ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By GDP (nominal) Per Capita
This is a list of countries by nominal GDP per capita. GDP per capita is the total value of a country's finished goods and services (gross domestic product) divided by its total population (per capita). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living; however, this is inaccurate because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income. Measures of personal income include average wage, real income, median income, disposable income and GNI per capita. Comparisons of GDP per capita are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries, ''see'' List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita. PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity. This article includes a list of countries by their forecast estimated GDP (PPP). Countries are sorted by GDP (PPP) forecast estimates from financial and statistical institutions that calculate using market or government official exchange rates. The data given on this page are based on the international dollar, a standardized unit used by economists. Certain regions that are not widely considered countries such as Hong Kong also show up in the list if they are distinct jurisdiction areas or economic entities. GDP comparisons using PPP are arguably more useful than those using nominal GDP when assessing the domestic market of a state because PPP takes into account the relative cost of local goods, services and inflation rates of the country, rather than using international market exchange rates, which may distort the real differences in per capita income. It is however limited when measuring financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. Nominal GDP does not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living of its population. Comparisons of national wealth are also frequently made based on purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. Other metrics, nominal GDP per capita and a corresponding GDP (PPP) per capita, are used for comparing national standard of living. On the whole, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
