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East Bird's Head – Sentani Languages
The East Bird's Head – Sentani languages form a family of Papuan languages proposed by Malcolm Ross which combines the East Bird's Head and Sentani families along with the Burmeso language isolate. Sentani had been a branch of Stephen Wurm's proposal for Trans–New Guinea. It has lexical similarities with the Asmat–Kamoro languages, but Ross does not believe these demonstrate a genealogical relationship. Ross also included the unclassified language Tause, but as a stimulus for investigation rather than as a serious proposal. The East Bird's Head – Sentani languages, together with the West Papuan languages and the Yawa isolate, form part of a tentative proposal for an Extended West Papuan family. They are distinguished from the West Papuan family in having forms like ''ba'' or ''wa'' for the second-person singular ("thou") pronoun. Classification East Bird's Head – Sentani unifies two groups that Wurm placed at the family level, and one or two isolates. Tause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua (Indonesian Province)
Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri. It is bordered by the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Following the splitting off of twenty regencies to create the three new provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua on 30 June 2022, the residual province is divided into eight regencies (''kabupaten'') and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. The province has a large potential in natural resources, such as gold, nickel, petroleum, etc. Papua, along with four other Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronoun
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (abbreviated ) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase. Pronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is "you", which can be either singular or plural. Subtypes include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns. The use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. For example, in the sentence ''That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat'', the meaning of the pronoun ''he'' is dependent on its antecedent, ''that poor man''. The name of the adjective that belongs with a "pronoun" is called a "pronominal". A pronominal is also a word or ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Western New Guinea
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of methods, including spoken, sign, and written language. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is highly variable between cultures and across time. Human languages have the properties of productivity and displacement, and rely on social convention and learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusivity
In linguistics, clusivity is a grammatical distinction between ''inclusive'' and ''exclusive'' first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called ''inclusive " we"'' and ''exclusive "we"''. Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for "we" means "you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for "we" means "he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved. While imagining that this sort of distinction could be made in other persons (particularly the second) is straightforward, in fact the existence of second-person clusivity (you vs. you and them) in natural languages is controversial and not well attested. While clusivity is not a feature of standard English language, it is found in many languages around the world. The first published description of the inclusive-exclusive distinction by a European linguist was in a description of languages of Peru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasawa Language
Rasawa is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is spoken in Rasawa village in Oudate District, Waropen Regency. Rasawa shares half of its basic vocabulary with the Saponi language Saponi is an extinct Papuan language of Indonesia. It was spoken in Botawa village of Waropen Bawah Subdistrict in Waropen Regency Waropen Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in Papua Province, Indonesia. The Regency covers an are .... References Languages of western New Guinea Wapoga languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakes Plain Languages
The Lakes Plain languages are a family of Papuan languages, spoken in the Lakes Plain of Indonesian New Guinea. They are notable for being heavily tonal and for their lack of nasal consonants. Classification The Lakes Plain languages were tentatively grouped by Stephen Wurm with the Tor languages in his Trans–New Guinea proposal. Clouse (1997) rejected this connection to the Tor languages and grouped them with the Geelvink Bay languages. Malcolm Ross classifies the languages as an independent family, a position confirmed by Timothy Usher. Because of the apparent phonological similarities and sharing of stable basic words such as ‘louse’, William A. Foley speculates the potential likelihood of a distant relationship shared between the Skou and Lakes Plain families, but no formal proposals linking the two families have been made due to insufficient evidence. Additionally according to Foley, based on some lexical and phonological similarities, the Keuw language (current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabla Language
Tabla (one of two Papuan languages also known as Tanah Merah) is spoken on the coast of Tanahmerah Bay, close to Jayapura, in northern Papua (Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...). It is spoken in Bukia, Depapre, and Wari towns, and 13 villages on north coast. Dialects are Yokari, Tepera, and Yewena-Yongsu. Phonology References Languages of western New Guinea Sentani languages {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafri Language
Nafri is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Nafri village on southeast Yotafa Bay in Abepura District, Jayapura Regency Jayapura Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in Papua Province of Indonesia. It is situated to the west of but does not include the city of Jayapura. Previously covering most of the north-east portion of Papua province, it was reduce .... References Languages of western New Guinea Sentani languages {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sentani Language
Sentani or Buyaka is a Papuan language of Papua. It is spoken in about 30 scattered villages around Lake Sentani. Dialects are East, West, and Central (''Ethnologue''). Phonology Consonants Vowels Central Sentani Central Sentani phonology from Foley (2018): Foley's (2018) classification is: Citations References * External links * Written materials for Sentani are available through Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ... {{Languages of Indonesia Languages of western New Guinea Sentani languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demta Language
Demta, also known as Sowari and Muris, is a Papuan language on the north coast of Papua, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine .... It is spoken in Ambora, Muris Besar, Muris Kecil, and Yougafsa villages, all located in Demta District. Further reading *Kim, So Hyun. 2006. Survey Report on the Sowari Language of Papua, Indonesia. Unpublished report. Jayapura: SIL Indonesia. References Languages of western New Guinea Demta–Sentani languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saponi Language
Saponi is an extinct Papuan language of Indonesia. It was spoken in Botawa village of Waropen Bawah Subdistrict in Waropen Regency. Woria is also spoken in Botawa village. It shared half of its basic vocabulary with the Rasawa language Rasawa is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is spoken in Rasawa village in Oudate District, Waropen Regency. Rasawa shares half of its basic vocabulary with the Saponi language Saponi is an extinct Papuan language of Indonesia. It was spok ..., but it is not clear that they were related. Saponi shared none of its pronouns with the Lakes Plain family that Rasawa is part of; indeed its basic pronouns ''mamire'' "I, we" and ''ba'' "thou" are reminiscent of proto–East Bird's Head *meme "we" and *ba "thou". References Languages of western New Guinea Wapoga languages Unclassified languages of New Guinea Endangered unclassified languages Extinct languages of Oceania {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meninggo Language
Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language spoken in Teluk Bintuni Regency on the north coast of West Papua, Indonesia. Distribution In Teluk Bintuni Regency Teluk Bintuni Regency (or Bintuni Bay Regency) is a regency of West Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 18,637 km2, comprising administrative districts on three sides of Bintuni Bay, a gulf that separates the Bird's Head Peninsula ..., ethnic Moskona people are located in Moskona Timur District (in Sumuy, Mesna, and Igomu villages), Mardey District, Masyeta District, Jagiro District, Moyeba District, and Mesna District. References Further reading * Languages of western New Guinea Mantion–Meax languages {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
