Dukhobor
The Doukhobours or Dukhobors (russian: духоборы / духоборцы, dukhobory / dukhobortsy; ) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin. They are one of many non-Orthodox ethno-confessional faiths in Russia and are often categorized as "folk-Protestants", Spiritual Christians, sectarians, and heretics. Doukhobours are pacifist Christians who lived in their own villages, rejected personal materialism, worked together, and developed a tradition of oral history, memorizing, hymn-singing, and verse. Before 1886, the Doukhobors had a series of single leaders. The origin of the Doukhobors is uncertain; they first appear in first written records from 1701, although some scholars suspect the group has earlier origins. Doukhobors reject the Russian Orthodox priesthood, the use of icons, and all associated church rituals. Doukhobors believe the Bible alone is not enough to reach divine revelation and that doctrinal conflicts can interfere with the ...
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Spiritual Christianity
Spiritual Christianity (russian: духовное христианство) is the group of belief systems held by so-called ''folk Protestants'' (), including non-Eastern Orthodox indigenous faith tribes and new religious movements that emerged in the Russian Empire. Their origins are varied: some from Protestant movements imported from Europe to Russia by missionaries, travelers and workers; some due to disgust of the behavior (absenteeism, alcoholism, profiteering) of Orthodox priests; and, some from the Bezpopovtsy Raskolniks. These influences mixed with folk traditions, resulting in communities collectively called (sectarians). These communities were typically documented by Russian Orthodox clergy with a label that described their heresy: not fasting, meeting on Saturday (sabbatarians), rejecting the spirit (spirit wrestlers), body mutilation (castigators), self-flagellation, suicide, and more. These heterodox (non-orthodox) groups "rejected ritual and outward observances ...
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