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Doumergue Agreement
The Doumergue Agreement was a secret 1917 agreement between France and Russia concerning their war aims in World War I. Gaston Doumergue, the French Minister for Colonies, visited Petrograd and negotiated the agreement on 3 February 1917 with Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian officials. According to the agreement, France would regain Alsace-Lorraine in its boundaries of 1790 and 'the entire coal district of the Saar valley'. It further stipulated that France would secure the Left Bank of the Rhine by organizing into neutral buffer states those parts of the region that would not be annexed by France outright. In exchange, France promised Russia to support Russian annexations in Poland at the expense of the Central Powers. The terms of the agreement were set in writing in a letter exchange between Maurice Paleologue, the French Ambassador to Russia, and Nikolai Pokrovsky, the Russian foreign minister, on 14 February 1917. The agreement was approved by the French prime minister, Ari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Doumergue may refer to: * François Doumergue (1858–1938), French naturalist ** Doumergue's fringe-fingered lizard, a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae ** Doumergue's skink, a species of skink in the family Scincidae *Gaston Doumergue Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (; 1 August 1863 in Aigues-Vives, Gard18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician of the Third Republic. He served as President of France from 13 June 1924 to 13 June 1931. Biography Doumergue ca ... (1863–1937), French politician and President of France See also * Domergue {{surname, Doumergue Occitan-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristide Briand
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (19181939). In 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, as well to establish a "European Union" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and Fascism following the Great Depression. Early life He was born in Nantes, Loire-Inférieure (now Loire-Atlantique) of a '' petit bourgeois'' family. He attended the Nantes Lycée, where, in 187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire In World War I
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity *Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *Russian alphabet *Russian cuisine *Russian culture *Russian studies Russian may also refer to: *Russian dressing *''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith *Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series *Russian (solitaire), a card game * "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting *"Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield *"Russian", from the album '' '' by Caravan Palace *Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 *The South African name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Russian Empire
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The French Third Republic
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Involving Territorial Changes
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Concluded In 1917
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Treaties
A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty's existence or substance from other states and the public.Helmut Tichy and Philip Bittner, "Article 80" in Olivier Dörr & Kirsten Schmalenbach (eds.) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: a Commentary (Springer, 2012)), 1339, at 1341, note 11. Such a commitment to keep the agreement secret may be contained in the instrument itself or in a separate agreement. According to one compilation of secret treaties published in 2004, there have been 593 secret treaties negotiated by 110 countries and independent political entities since the year 1521. Secret treaties were highly important in the balance-of-power diplomacy of 18th- and 19th-century Europe, but are rare today. History The "elaborate alliance systems" among European powers, "each secured by a network of secret treaties, financial arrangements, and 'military understandings'" are commonly cited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France In World War I
The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, Europe, and a variety of regions throughout the world. According to historian Niall Ferguson, France is the most successful military power in history. It participated in 50 of the 125 major European wars that have been fought since 1495; more than any other European state. The first major recorded wars in the territory of modern-day France itself revolved around the Gallo-Roman conflict that predominated from 60 BC to 50 BC. The Romans eventually emerged victorious through the campaigns of Julius Caesar. After the decline of the Roman Empire, a Germanic tribe known as the Franks took control of Gaul by defeating competing tribes. The "land of Francia", from which France gets its name, had high points of expansion under kings Clovis I and Charlemagne, who established the nucleus of the future French state. In the Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boundary Treaties
Boundary or Boundaries may refer to: * Border, in political geography Entertainment * ''Boundaries'' (2016 film), a 2016 Canadian film * ''Boundaries'' (2018 film), a 2018 American-Canadian road trip film *Boundary (cricket), the edge of the playing field, or a scoring shot where the ball is hit to or beyond that point *Boundary (sports), the sidelines of a field Mathematics and physics *Boundary (topology), the closure minus the interior of a subset of a topological space; an edge in the topology of manifolds, as in the case of a 'manifold with boundary' *Boundary (graph theory), the vertices of edges between a subgraph and the rest of a graph * Boundary (chain complex), its abstractization in chain complexes * Boundary value problem, a differential equation together with a set of additional restraints called the boundary conditions * Boundary (thermodynamics), the edge of a thermodynamic system across which heat, mass, or work can flow Psychology and sociology *Personal bounda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 In Russia
Events from the year 1917 in Russia. Incumbents * Monarch – Nicholas II (until March 15), monarchy abolished * Chairman of Russian Provisional Government – Georgy Lvov (March 15–July 21); Alexander Kerensky (July 21–November 7) * Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR – Vladimir Lenin (after November 7) Events * * * * * * * * * March 8 ** (N.S.) (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins: Women calling for bread in Petrograd create riots, which spread throughout the city. * March 12 – The Duma declares a Provisional Government. * March 15 (N.S.) (March 2, O.S.) – Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicates his and his son's claims. This is considered to be the end of the Russian Empire. * March 17 (N.S.) (March 4, O.S.) – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refuses the throne, and power passes to the Provisional Government under Prince Georgy Lvov. * March 25 – The Georgian Orthodox C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 In France
This is a list of events from 1917 in France. Incumbents *President: Raymond Poincaré *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 20 March: Aristide Briand ** 20 March-12 September: Alexandre Ribot ** 12 September-16 November: Paul Painlevé ** starting 16 November: Georges Clemenceau Events * 13 February – Dutch dancer Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying for Germany. * 9 April – Battle of Arras, a British Empire offensive, begins. * 16 April – Second Battle of the Aisne begins, the main action of the French Nivelle Offensive. * 26 April – The Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed. * 29 April – Architect of the Second Battle of the Aisne and French Commander-in-Chief, General Robert Nivelle, is dismissed and replaced on 15 May by Philippe Pétain. * 3 May – 1917 French Army mutinies begin when the French 2nd Division refuses to follow orders to attack. * 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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