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Dobšiná
Dobšiná (german: Dobschau; hu, Dobsina; Latin: ''Dobsinium'') is a small town in the Slovak Ore Mountains along the Slaná River. For 500 years it was a small but prosperous mining village populated by ethnic Germans within the Kingdom of Hungary; today it is a Slovak town of 6,000 most well-known for its Ice Cave. Geography It is situated between the Revúca Highlands and Volovec Mountains in the Carpathians, watered by the river Hnilec and enclosed on all sides by mountains. It lies to the south of the beautiful Stratenska Valley. The town includes the well-known Dobšiná Ice Cave, first discovered in 1870. Etymology The Slavic name "Dobšiná" could be derived from the nearby Dobšinský brook, which is first recorded in historical sources as "Dupsina fluvius" in 1320 (predating any written references to the town's name). There is also a local legend, documented in 1822, that the town was named by its original German settlers. According to this legend, while cooking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobšiná Ice Cave
Dobšiná Ice Cave ( sk, Dobšinská ľadová jaskyňa; hu, Dobsinai-jégbarlang) is an ice cave in Slovakia, near the mining town of Dobšiná in the Slovak Paradise. Since 2000 it has been included on the UNESCO World Heritage list as a part of the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst site. Famous visitors to the ice cave have been Prince August von Sachsen Gotha and his wife (1872), Ferdinand de Lesseps (constructor of the Suez Channel) and a party of French writers (1884), Bulgarian Czar Ferdinand I (1890), and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen (1900). History The cave was discovered on 15 June 1870 by the royal mining engineer Jenő Ruffinyi, accompanied by Gustáv Lang and Andrej Mega, although the entrance was known from time immemorial by shepherds and hunters as ''Studená diera'' (Cold Hole). The cave was opened to the public one year after its discovery. In 1887, it was the first electrically lit cave in Europe. At about this time 7,171 square metres of the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gömör County
Gömör (, , , Latin: ''Gömörinum'') was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with the Kis-Hont County to form Gömör-Kishont County. Its territory is located in southern Slovakia and northern Hungary. Today names Gömör/Gemer are only an informal designation of the corresponding territory without administrative role. Geography Gemer region is situated in Slovenské rudohorie approximately between the present-day Slovak-Hungarian border, the towns Poltár and Rožňava and the Low Tatras (Nízke Tatry). It borders traditional regions Spiš to the North, Abov to the East, Borsod to the South, Heves to the South-West, Novohrad to the west, and Zvolen and Liptov regions at North-West. The river Slaná (Sajó) flows through Gemer from North to the South. Gömör és Kishont County was covering area of 4,289 km² in 1910. Capitals The capital of Gömör region was origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hnilec (river)
The Hnilec ( hu, Gölnic), german: Göllnitz) is a river in Slovakia. Its source is located below the Kráľova hoľa mountain, Low Tatras. It flows into the Hornád river near Margecany. The Palcmanská Maša dam is located on the river near Dobšiná. Places of interest along the river include Dobšiná Ice Cave and the Slovak Paradise Slovak Paradise ( sk, Slovenský raj) is a mountain range in eastern Slovakia. It is a part of the Spiš-Gemer Karst, which in turn is a part of the Slovak Ore Mountains, a major subdivision of the Western Carpathians. It is located between th .... It is long and its basin size is . p. 43 References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rožňava District
Rožňava District (''okres Rožňava'') is a district in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. Until 1918, the district was mostly part of the county of Kingdom of Hungary of Gömör és Kishont, apart from the area in the south-east around the municipalities of Silická Jablonica, Hrušov, Jablonov nad Turňou and Hrhov which formed part of the county of Abaúj-Torna. Municipalities * Ardovo * Betliar * Bohúňovo * Bôrka *Brdárka *Bretka *Brzotín * Čierna Lehota * Čoltovo * Čučma *Dedinky *Dlhá Ves *Dobšiná * Drnava * Gemerská Hôrka *Gemerská Panica *Gemerská Poloma *Gočaltovo * Gočovo * Hanková * Henckovce *Honce * Hrhov * Hrušov *Jablonov nad Turňou * Jovice * Kečovo *Kobeliarovo * Koceľovce * Kováčová * Krásnohorská Dlhá Lúka * Krásnohorské Podhradie * Kružná * Kunova Teplica * Lipovník * Lúčka * Markuška * Meliata * Nižná Slaná * Ochtiná * Pača *Pašková * Petrovo * Plešivec * Rakovnica * Rejdová * Rochovce * Roštár * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpathian Germans
Carpathian Germans (german: Karpatendeutsche, Mantaken, hu, kárpátnémetek or ''felvidéki németek'', sk, karpatskí Nemci) are a group of ethnic Germans. The term was coined by the historian Raimund Friedrich Kaindl (1866–1930), originally generally referring to the German-speaking population of the area around the Carpathian Mountains: the Cisleithanian (Austrian) crown lands of Galicia and Bukovina, as well as the Hungarian half of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (including Szepes County), and the northwestern ( Maramuresch) region of Romania. Since the First World War, only the Germans of Slovakia (the Slovak Germans or ''Slowakeideutsche'', including the Zipser Germans) and those of Carpathian Ruthenia in Ukraine have commonly been called ''Carpathian Germans''. Kingdom of Hungary Germans settled in the northern territory of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary (then called Upper Hungary, today mostly Slovakia) from the 12th to the 15th centuries (''see Ostsiedlung''), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expulsion Of Germans From Czechoslovakia
The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II was part of a series of evacuations and deportations of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe during and after World War II. During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Czech resistance groups demanded the deportation of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia. The decision to deport the Germans was adopted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile which, beginning in 1943, sought the support of the Allies for this proposal.Československo-sovětské vztahy v diplomatických jednáních 1939–1945. Dokumenty. Díl 2 (červenec 1943 – březen 1945). Praha. 1999. () The final agreement for the expulsion of the German population however was not reached until 2 August 1945 at the end of the Potsdam Conference. In the months following the end of the war, "wild" expulsions happened from May until August 1945. Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš on 28 October 1945 called for the "final solution of the German que ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Coal Mining In The United States
The history of coal mining in the United States goes back to the 1300s, when the Hopi Indians used coal. The first commercial use came in 1701, within the Manakin-Sabot area of Richmond, Virginia. Coal was the dominant power source in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and although in rapid decline it remains a significant source of energy in 2019. Coal became the largest source of energy in the 1880s, when it overtook wood, and remained the largest source until the early 1950s, when coal was exceeded by petroleum. Coal provided more than half of the nation's energy from the 1880s to the 1940s, and from 1906 to 1920 provided more than three-quarters of US energy. 19th century At the start of the 19th century, coal mining was almost all bituminous coal. In 1810, 176,000 short tons of bituminous coal, and 2,000 tons of anthracite coal, were mined in the United States. American coal mining grew rapidly in the early 1820s, doubling or tripling every decade. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zipser German
Zipser German (German: Zipserisch, Zipserdeutsch, Hungarian: ''szepességi szász nyelv'' or ''cipszer nyelv'') is a Germanic dialect which developed in the Upper Zips region of what is now Slovakia among people who settled there from central Germany beginning in the 13th century.Karl Julius Schröer, ''Die deutschen Mundarten des ungrischen Berglandes'' (1864) These German settlers are collectively known as Zipser Germans in Central Europe and as Carpathian Germans in Slovakia. The Lower Zips was inhabited by other Central Germans who spoke a similar dialect called "Gründlerisch" which is considered to be the same language. Beginning in at least the 18th century, many Zipsers migrated to northern Romania, including to southern Bukovina,Oskar Hadbawnik, ''Die Zipser in der Bukowina'' (1968) discusses the Zipserfest held in Jakobeny in 1936 to commemorate 150 years since the Zipsers migrated to Jakobeny in 1786. where several other Germanic dialects were also spoken.Willi Kosiu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Košice Region
The Košice Region ( sk, Košický kraj, , hu, Kassai kerület; uk, Кошицький край) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. The region was first established in 1923 and its present borders were established in 1996. It consists of 11 districts ( okresy) and 440 municipalities, 17 of which have a town status. About one third of the region's population lives in the agglomeration of Košice, which is its main economic and cultural centre. Geography It is located in the southern part of eastern Slovakia and covers an area of 6,752 km2. The western part of the region is composed of the eastern part of the Slovak Ore Mountains, including its subdivisions: Slovak Karst, Slovak Paradise, Volovské vrchy, Čierna hora. The Hornád Basin is located in the northwest. The area between Slovak Ore Mountains and Slanské vrchy is covered by the Košice Basin, named after the city. The area east of Slanské vrchy is covered by the Eastern Slovak Lowland and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magyarization
Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithania adopted the Hungarian national identity and language in the period between the Compromise of 1867 and Austria-Hungary's dissolution in 1918. Magyarization occurred both voluntarily and as a result of social pressure, and was mandated in certain respects by specific government policies. Before the World War I, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in cultural institutions, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krupina Law
Krupina (german: Karpfen, hu, Korpona) is a town in southern central Slovakia. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region and has approximately 8,000 inhabitants. Etymology The name is probably derived from Slavic root ''krup''. Proto-Slavic: ''krǫpъ'', ''krǫpъjь'' – solid, strong. The root is present also in ''krupa'' (''krǫpa'') – a smaller fortress, a fortified settlement, ''-ina'' is a frequent suffix. Another theory is based on the meaning "coarse". The settlement could be named after the nearby river, as the river had a rough and rocky bottom. History The territory of modern-day Krupina was inhabited since the Neolithic, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age. The first written reference to the towns river dates back to 1135. The first people to inhabit it were the Slavs. Between the 12th and 13th century the Germans arrived in Krupina, later between the 17th and 18th centuries the Magyars (Hungarians). Along with Trnava, Krupina is the oldest town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres In The Czech Republic
The following lists include the incidents that occurred in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic in which the killing of more than five non-combatant people (unarmed civilians, prisoners, or prisoners of war) took place. Massacres before the Hussite Wars (up until the year 1419) The following is a list of massacres and antisemitic pogroms that occurred in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic before the year 1419: Massacres during the Hussite Wars (1419 to 1436) The following massacres and antisemitic pogroms occurred in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic during the Hussite Wars of 1419–1436. During these wars, many atrocities were committed by both Hussites and Catholics. Most Hussites were ethnic Czechs, but there were also German and Polish adherents of this movement. On the other side, most Catholics involved in this conflict were ethnic Germans, but Hungarian, Czech, and Polish Catholics were also killed during the fights and massacres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
