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Discinida
Discinida is an order of brachiopods comprising the extant superfamily Discinoidea, and the extinct superfamilies Botsfordioidea (early—mid-Cambrian) and Acrotheloidea (early Cambrian–Early Ordovician). It represents a sister taxon to the Lingulids, and is possibly paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ... with respect to the Acrotretoids.—or the acrotretids are paraphyletic with respect to it.> The group displays a broad range of shell structures, some of which incorporate substantial organic or silicified components. References Brachiopod orders Extant Cambrian first appearances {{brachiopod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discinida
Discinida is an order of brachiopods comprising the extant superfamily Discinoidea, and the extinct superfamilies Botsfordioidea (early—mid-Cambrian) and Acrotheloidea (early Cambrian–Early Ordovician). It represents a sister taxon to the Lingulids, and is possibly paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ... with respect to the Acrotretoids.—or the acrotretids are paraphyletic with respect to it.> The group displays a broad range of shell structures, some of which incorporate substantial organic or silicified components. References Brachiopod orders Extant Cambrian first appearances {{brachiopod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically-oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiopod Orders
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically-oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discinoidea
Discinoidea is a superfamily of Discinid brachiopods. For discussion of Discinid taxonomy, see Discinidae Discinidae is a family in the brachiopod superfamily Discinoidea. Unlike most brachiopods, which have uniformly calcitic or phosphatic shells, modern-day discinids incorporate tablets of silica into their valves. These are covered with vesicles .... References Animal superfamilies Discinida {{brachiopod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discinidae
Discinidae is a family in the brachiopod superfamily Discinoidea. Unlike most brachiopods, which have uniformly calcitic or phosphatic shells, modern-day discinids incorporate tablets of silica into their valves. These are covered with vesicles into which the siliceous tablets are cemented, much like a closely packed mosaic, and held together with apatite. These vesicles eventually degrade, but nevertheless still leave an imprint on the shell itself. It has been suggested that this siliceous biomineralisation might also have occurred amongst some of the earliest Paleozoic The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and ' ... brachiopods because similar patterns of shell imprints have been observed amongst them too. References External links Brachiopod families Discinida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrotheloidea
Acrotheloidea is a superfamily of Discinid brachiopods, alternatively ascribed to the lingulids—for a discussion of discinid taxonomy, see Discinida Discinida is an order of brachiopods comprising the extant superfamily Discinoidea, and the extinct superfamilies Botsfordioidea (early—mid-Cambrian) and Acrotheloidea (early Cambrian–Early Ordovician). It represents a sister taxon to the .... The story goes that there's an evolutionary transition from Eoobolus through Pustulobolus and Bostfordia to Acrotretids. Acrotheloids have an apical foramen. References Prehistoric animal superfamilies Discinida {{paleo-protostome-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trematidae
Trematidae is an extinct family in the brachiopod superfamily Discinoidea Discinoidea is a superfamily of Discinid brachiopods. For discussion of Discinid taxonomy, see Discinidae Discinidae is a family in the brachiopod superfamily Discinoidea. Unlike most brachiopods, which have uniformly calcitic or phosphatic .... References Discinida Brachiopod families {{brachiopod-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lingulida
Lingulida is an order of brachiopods. Extinct species The following are extinct species and genera belonging to the family Lingulidae.Emig C. C., Bitner M. A. & Álvarez F., 2019Linguliformea Brachiopoda database. Accessed 2020-09-27. *'' Lingularia'' Biernat & Emig, 1993 ** ''Lingularia'' ex gr. ''tenuissima'' (Bronn, 1837) **'' Lingularia similis'' Biernat & Emig, 1993 **'' Lingularia siberica'' Biernat & Emig, 1993 **'' Lingularia smirnovae'' Biernat & Emig, 1993 **'' Lingularia michailovae'' Smirnova & Ushatinskaya, 2001 **'' Lingularia'' sp. Hori & Campbell, 2004 **'' Lingularia notialis'' Holmer & Bergston, 2009 **'' Lingularia salymica'' Smirnova, 2015 in Smirnova & al. (2015) **? '' Lingula mytilloides'' Sowerby, '' Lingula elliptica'' Phillips, and '' Lingula parallela'' Phillips **? ''Lingula straeleni Lingula is Latin for "little tongue". It can stand for: * Lingula (brachiopod), ''Lingula'' (brachiopod), a brachiopod genus of the family Lingulidae, which is among t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrotretida
Acrotretida is an extinct order of linguliform brachiopods in the class Lingulata. They lived from the Lower Cambrian to the Middle Devonian, with their peak diversity from the Middle Cambrian to the Ordovician. Acrotretida contains the sole superfamily Acrotretoidea. Many acrotretides have a tall and conical ventral valve with a pedicle opening at the apex, while the dorsal valve was convex to a much lesser degree. Based on preserved muscle scars, the lateral muscles are shifted back and condensed into large bundles of tendons. These replace the stout, column-like central muscles, which are present in other linguliforms but apparently absent in acrotretides. The larval shell, which is retained near the pedicle opening, has a strongly pitted texture. The adult shell is smooth and has a rounded outline, and is phosphatic like other linguliforms. Subgroups * Superfamily Acrotretoidea Schuchert, 1893 ** Family Acrotretidae Schuchert, 1893 (Lower Cambrian - mid-Silurian We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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