|
Dipteridaceae
The Dipteridaceae is a family (biology), family of ferns in the order Gleicheniales of the class Polypodiopsida. They are commonly known as umbrella ferns and contain two genera, ''Cheiropleuria'' and ''Dipteris'', with a total of nine species confined to Asia, New Guinea and northern Australia While currently a small family, they were much more abundant in the Mesozoic era, with the oldest fossils being known from the Middle Triassic of Italy, Australia and Argentina. Seven fossil genera are recognised, including ''Hausmannia'', ''Clathropteris'', ''Dictyophyllum'', ''Thaumatopteris'', ''Camptopteris'', and ''Polyphacelus''. The following diagram shows the placement of Dipteridaceae in a likely phylogenic relationship with the other two families of Gleicheniales. References Gleicheniales Fern families {{Polypodiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleicheniales
:''This article defines the Gleicheniales in a loose sense. For the restricted definition, see Gleicheniaceae.'' Gleicheniales is an order (taxonomy), order of ferns in the subclass Polypodiidae (the leptosporangiate ferns). The Gleicheniales have records potentially as early as the Carboniferous, but the oldest unambiguous records date to the Permian. Description These ferns are characterized by root stele (biology), steles having 3–5 protoxylem poles and antheridia with 6–12 narrow, twisted or curved cells in their walls. Otherwise, their Morphology (biology), habitus is highly diverse, including plants with the typical fern fronds, others whose leaves resemble those of palm trees, and yet others again which have undivided leaves. They are tropical ferns, most diverse in Asia and the Pacific region. Classification In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, the Gleicheniales were placed in class Polypodiopsida (the leptosporangiate ferns). Three fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipteris
''Dipteris'' is a genus of about seven species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, particularly Asia, with a species in northeastern Queensland in Australia. It is one of two genera in the family Dipteridaceae. Description Species of ''Dipteris'' grow from creeping rhizomes, and have large stalks to the sporangium and annulus. The rhizomes have bristles (or hairs) and the fronds have uniseriate hairs (having one line or series). All species of ''Dipteris'' have spore-capsules that are carried on the lower surface of the broad lobed frond.A. C. Seward The fronds can reach up to 50 cm long. Taxonomy Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt first published the genus in 1825, by describing ''Dipteris conjugata'' Reinw. which is the best known species. In 1839, R. Brown reduced the genus to a subgenus of ''Polypodium''. In 1901, Konrad Christ published ''Die Farnkrauter der Erde't'', within which he included the genus ''Dipteris'' in the family Polypodiaceae, (a subdi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matoniaceae
Matoniaceae is one of the three families of ferns in the Gleicheniales order of the Polypodiopsida class. Fossil records reveal that Matoniaceae ferns were abundant during the Mesozoic era (about 250-million to 66-million years ago), during which they lived on every continent, including Antarctica, with eight genera and 26 species, with the oldest known specimens being from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica. Today the family is much less abundant, and also less diverse, with only two extant genera and four species, which are limited to portions of southeastern Asia. The following diagram shows a likely phylogenic relationship with the other two families of the Gleicheniales. Extant taxa * genus ** species ** species * genus ** species ** species Mesozoic subtaxa Some common Mesozoic Matoniaceae genera and a sampling of their species include: * genus ** species ** species * genus ** species ** species ** species ** species ** species * genus * genus [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleicheniaceae
The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae, which includes six genera and about 160 known species. The formerly independent families Dicranopteridaceae and Stromatopteridaceae are generally included in the Gleicheniaceae, whereas the Dipteridaceae and Matoniaceae, although closely related, are considered separate families by most authors.Smith ''et al.'' (2006) Description These tropical ferns are the most widespread living lineage of Gleicheniales. Their rhizomes have a "vitalized" protostele or in some taxa a solenostele. The leaves are indeterminate, with pseudodichotomously forked leaves except in '' Stromatopteris'', and free veins. The sori are abaxial but not marginal and carry 5–15 exindusiate round sporangia each. These have a transverse-oblique annulus and contain 128 to 800 bilateral or globose-tetrahedral spores. The sori and sporangia mature at the same time, and the spores grow into surface-dwelling green prothalli beset with club-shaped hairs. Systematics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheiropleuria
''Cheiropleuria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Dipteridaceae. Species are found in both temperate and tropical eastern Asia. Taxonomy ''Cheiropleuria'' was first described by Carl Borivoj Presl in 1851. The type species ''Cheiropleuria bicuspis'' was first described as ''Polypodium bicuspe'' by Blume in 1828. Species , ''Plants of the World Online'' and the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Cheiropleuria bicuspis'' (Blume) C.Presl – widely distributed in temperate and tropical eastern Asia *'' Cheiropleuria integrifolia'' (D.C.Eaton ex Hook.) M.Kato, Y.Yatabe, Sahashi & N.Murak. – southern Japan, China (Guangdong, Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the People's Republic ...), Taiwan *'' Cheiropleuria parva'' M.Kato, Y.Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipteris Conjugata
''Dipteris conjugata'' is a species of fern. It has a rhizome, and 2-3 tall stems with mid green or dark green fronds, which have several divisions to toothed lobes. It is grows in clearings, mountain ridges and in forest margins, from tropical and temperate Asia, northern Queensland in Australia and some islands in the Pacific Ocean. It has limited native medicinal uses. Description It has a creeping rhizome, covered with black shiny hairs,R.C. Cambie and J. Ash or reddish brown hairlike scales. The hairs are 4 to 5 mm long and 0.2 mm in diam. The hairs are more like bristles on the older sections of the rhizomes. It is up to 1 cm or more in diameter. It has Stipes (or stalks) that are normally between tall, but stipes up to have also been found. They have hair-like scales at base, which then becomes smooth and glabrous. They are stramineous (straw coloured) to brown. The leaf stems appear at regular intervals along the rhizome. and branch three or four time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(7113325651).jpg "Click for more on -> Dipteris Conjugata")
