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Dietel Manuscript
The Dietel manuscript, Ms. R 18, also known as the Dietel Collection and, in German, , is the oldest extant manuscript with a large collection of four-part chorales by Johann Sebastian Bach. It contains 149 of Bach's chorale harmonisations (not 150 as is written on its title page) and originated around 1735. The music in the manuscript was copied by , one of Bach's pupils from the Thomasschule. Context In 1727, at age 13, Johann Ludwig Dietel became a pupil of the St Thomas School in Leipzig. His oldest extant work as copyist of Johann Sebastian Bach's music dates from two years later (performance parts of BWV 120.2 and 174). By then, mid 1729, Bach had just begun his seventh year as cantor at St Thomas, and had already composed hundreds of church cantatas, the '' St John'' and ''St Matthew'' Passions, and several motets: all of these are sacred compositions mostly containing one or more four-part harmonisations of Lutheran chorale melodies, setting the text of usually on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four-part Chorale
A Lutheran chorale is a musical setting of a Lutheran hymn, intended to be sung by a congregation in a German Protestant Church service. The typical four-part setting of a chorale, in which the sopranos (and the congregation) sing the melody along with three lower voices, is known as a ''chorale harmonization''. Lutheran hymns Starting in 1523, Martin Luther began translating worship texts into German from the Latin. He composed melodies for some hymns himself, such as "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), and even a few harmonized settings. For other hymns he adapted Gregorian chant melodies used in Catholic worship to fit new German texts, sometimes using the same melody more than once. For example, he fitted the melody of the hymn " Veni redemptor gentium" to three different texts, " Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich", "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort", and "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". The first Lutheran hymns were published in 1524. These in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutheran Hymn
Martin Luther was a great enthusiast for music, and this is why it forms a large part of Lutheran services; in particular, Luther admired the composers Josquin des Prez and Ludwig Senfl and wanted singing in the church to move away from the ''ars perfecta'' (Catholic Sacred Music of the late Renaissance) and towards singing as a ''Gemeinschaft'' (community). Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales. Lutheran hymnody is well known for its doctrinal, didactic, and musical richness. Most Lutheran churches are active musically with choirs, handbell choirs, children's choirs, and occasionally change ringing groups that ring bells in a bell tower. Johann Sebastian Bach, a devout Lutheran, composed music for the Lutheran church: more than half of his over 1000 compositions are or contain Lutheran hymns. History Lutheran hymnals include: * ''Achtliederbuch'', a.k.a. the first Lutheran hymnal (1524). Contains, among others, "Nun freut euch, lieben Christen g'mein", "Es ist das ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Bernhard Bach
Johann Bernhard Bach (23 May 1676 – 11 June 1749) was a German composer, and second cousin of J. S. Bach.Smith, Timothy A"Johann Bernhard Bach 1676-1749" Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 3 August 2012. Life Johann Bernhard Bach was born in Erfurt in 1676, in the house named "Zu den drei Rosen" (The Three Roses) on Junkersand Street, and was baptized on 25 November 1676 in Erfurt's ''Kaufmannskirche'' (Merchant's Church). He (like his younger brother Johann Christoph, born in 1685) received his early musical tuition from his father, Johann Aegidius Bach. After attending the ''Schola Mercatorum'' at Erfurt, he entered Erfurt's major secondary school at that time, the ''Ratsgymnasium''. As early as 1695, at the age of 18, he became the organist at the Kaufmannskirche. In 1699, he moved to Magdeburg where he was appointed organist for St Catharine's Church. In 1703, John William III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach called him to Eisenach to serve as harpsichordist at the duc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secular Cantata (Bach)
Apart from his hundreds of church cantatas, Johann Sebastian Bach wrote secular cantatas in Weimar, Köthen and Leipzig, for instance for members of the Royal-Polish and Prince-electoral Saxonian family (e.g. '' Trauer-Ode''), or other public or private occasions (e.g. ''Hunting Cantata''). The text of these cantatas was occasionally in dialect (e.g. ''Peasant Cantata'') or in Italian (e.g. ''Amore traditore''). Many of the secular cantatas were lost, but for some of these the text and the occasion are known, for instance when Picander later published their libretto (e.g. BWV Anh. 11– 12). Some of the secular cantatas had a plot carried by mythological figures of Greek antiquity (e.g. '' Der Streit zwischen Phoebus und Pan''), others were almost miniature buffo operas (e.g. ''Coffee Cantata''). Extant secular cantatas are published in the New Bach Edition (Neue Bach-Ausgabe, NBA), Series I, volumes 35 to 40, with the two Italian cantatas included in volume 41. The Bach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BWV 201
(Swift, swift, you swirling winds), BWV 201, is a secular cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, on a libretto by Picander (pen name of Christian Friedrich Henrici). It is a dramma per musica, likely composed for a public performance in 1729, around which time its oldest extant printed libretto was published. The text, titled (''The Contest between Phoebus and Pan''), is based on the " Ears of a Donkey" story in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', and mocks unsophisticated music in favour of a more intelligent composition style. The music is scored for SATTBB singers, and a baroque orchestra which includes trumpets, timpani, traversos, oboes, strings and continuo. The cantata has been recorded several times from the 1950s to the 21st century. History was likely composed for Leipzig's autumn fair of 1729, or, in that year, for a weekly concert outside the periods of Leipzig's fairs. Its oldest extant separately printed libretto, which can not be dated exactly, was published aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Magdalena's Notebook
The title ''Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach'' (german: Notenbüchlein für Anna Magdalena Bach) refers to either of two manuscript notebooks that the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach presented to his second wife, Anna Magdalena. Keyboard music ( minuets, rondeaux, polonaises, chorales, sonatas, preludes, musettes, marches, gavottes) makes up most of both notebooks, and a few pieces for voice (songs, and arias) are included. The Notebooks provide a glimpse into the domestic music of the 18th century and the musical tastes of the Bach family. History The two notebooks are known by their title page dates of 1722 and 1725. The title "Anna Magdalena notebook" is commonly used to refer to the latter. The primary difference between the two collections is that the 1722 notebook contains works only by Johann Sebastian Bach (including most of the French Suites), while the 1725 notebook is a compilation of music by both Bach and other composers of the era. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BWV 299
The title ''Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach'' (german: Notenbüchlein für Anna Magdalena Bach) refers to either of two manuscript notebooks that the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach presented to his second wife, Anna Magdalena. Keyboard music (minuets, rondeaux, polonaises, chorales, sonatas, preludes, musettes, marches, gavottes) makes up most of both notebooks, and a few pieces for voice (songs, and arias) are included. The Notebooks provide a glimpse into the domestic music of the 18th century and the musical tastes of the Bach family. History The two notebooks are known by their title page dates of 1722 and 1725. The title "Anna Magdalena notebook" is commonly used to refer to the latter. The primary difference between the two collections is that the 1722 notebook contains works only by Johann Sebastian Bach (including most of the French Suites), while the 1725 notebook is a compilation of music by both Bach and other composers of the era. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dir, Dir, Jehova, Will Ich Singen
"" (To you, to you, Jehova, I want to sing) is a Lutheran hymn, with 1695 text by Bartholomäus Crasselius. A melody attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach appeared in Schemellis Gesangbuch. It was translated into English by Catherine Winkworth in 1863 as "Jehovah, let me now adore Thee". The song became part of many German hymnals, such as '' Evangelisches Gesangbuch'' and '' Gotteslob''. From the 1930s, the hymn has often been rendered as "". History Bartholomäus Crasselius was a Lutheran pastor who studied in Halle August Hermann Francke and was influenced by Pietism. He wrote the text of "", published in 1695 with a melody from Hamburg. A different melody by Johann Sebastian Bach appeared in as a four-part chorale, "Dir, dir, Jehova, will ich singen", BWV 299, in the 1725 Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach. He adapted it to a version for voice and continuo in Schemellis Gesangbuch, BWV 452. The hymn became commonly distributed and used. The song became part of many German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figured Bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) should play in relation to the bass note. Figured bass is closely associated with basso continuo: a historically improvised accompaniment used in almost all genres of music in the Baroque period of Classical music ( 1600–1750), though rarely in modern music. Figured bass is also known as thoroughbass. Other systems for denoting or representing chords include plain staff notation, used in classical music; Roman numerals, commonly used in harmonic analysis; chord letters, sometimes used in modern musicology; the Nashville Number System; and various chord names and symbols used in jazz and popular music (e.g., C Major or simply C; D minor, Dm, or D−; G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colla Parte
A variety of musical terms are likely to be encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by ''Fr.'' and ''Ger.'', respectively. Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. 0–9 ; 1′ : "sifflet" or one foot organ stop ; I : usually for orchestral string instruments, used to indicate that the player should play the passage on the highest-pitched, thinnest string ; ′ : Tierce organ stop ; 2′ : two feet – pipe org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autograph (music)
An autograph or holograph is a manuscript or document written in its author's or composer's hand. The meaning of autograph as a document penned entirely by the author of its content, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by a copyist or scribe other than the author, overlaps with that of holograph. Autograph manuscripts are studied by scholars, and can become collectable objects. Holographic documents have, in some jurisdictions, a specific legal standing. Terminology According to ''The Oxford English Minidictionary'', an autograph is, apart from its meaning as a signature, a "manuscript in the author's handwriting," while a holograph is a "(document) written wholly in the handwriting of the person in whose name it appears." In the 1911 edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Edward Maunde Thompson gives two common meanings of the word autograph as it applies to documents: "a document signed by the person from whom it emanates" and "one written entirely in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Wedding Chorales, BWV 250-252
Johann Sebastian Bach's chorale harmonisations, alternatively named four-part chorales, are Lutheran hymn settings that characteristically conform to the following: * four-part harmony * SATB vocal forces * pre-existing hymn tune allotted to the soprano part * text treatment: ** homophonic ** no repetitions (i.e., each syllable of the hymn text is sung one time) Around 400 of such chorale settings by Bach, mostly composed in the first four decades of the 18th century, are extant: * Around half of that number are chorales which were transmitted in the context of larger vocal works such as cantatas, motets, Passions and oratorios. A large part of these chorales are extant as autographs by the composer, and for nearly all of them a colla parte instrumental and/or continuo accompaniment are known. * All other four-part chorales exclusively survived in collections of short works, which include manuscripts and 18th-century prints. Apart from the '' Three Wedding Chorales'' collectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
