Die Freundschaft
''Die Freundschaft'' (''Friendship'') was a German Weimar Republic, Weimar-era gay magazine that was published from 1919 to 1933. History ''Die Freundschaft'' was founded by Karl Schultz (publisher), Karl Schultz on 13 August 1919, and was alternatively subtitled "Mitteilungsblatt des Klubs der Freunde und Freundinnen" ("News bulletin of the Club of [male] friends and [female] friends") or "Monatsschrift für den Befreiungskampf andersveranlagter Männer und Frauen" ("Monthly magazine for the liberation of men and women of different disposition"). It became the first gay publication to be sold openly at newsstands. It was edited by Max Danielsen until 1922, when he was replaced by Georg Plock. Rudolph Ihne was also involved in overseeing the magazine's publication. In 1922, two competing gay publications were merged into ''Die Freundschaft'': Adolf Brand's ''Freundschaft und Freiheit'' (''Friendship and Freedom'') and René Stelter's ''Uranos''. ''Die Freundschaft'' offices were l ...
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic (german: Deutsche Republik, link=no, label=none). The state's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. Following the devastation of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a revolution, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, formal surrender to the Allies, and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918. In its i ...
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