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Democratic Memory Law
The Democratic Memory Law is a law in Spain which came into effect in October 2022, concerning the legacy of Francoist Spain. Background After the death of Francisco Franco in 1975, the Spanish transition to democracy saw the birth of the Pact of Forgetting, where both leftist and rightist parties of Spain decided to avoid confronting directly the legacy of Francoism. Because of the Pact, there were no prosecutions for persons responsible for human rights violations or similar crimes committed during the Francoist period, Francoist public memorials remained standing, and the Francoist "Day of Victory" celebration was changed to "Armed Forces Day," celebrating both Nationalist and Republican parties of the Spanish Civil War. In 2007, the government of Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero passed the Historical Memory Law, formally condemning the repressions of the Franco regime and giving certain rights to the victims and the descendants of victims of the Civil War and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During this time period, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule to the whole country and the exile of Republican institutions. The Francoist dictatorshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mingorrubio Cemetery
The Mingorrubio Cemetery ( es, Cementerio de Mingorrubio), also called the Cemetery of El Pardo ( es, Cementerio de El Pardo), is a municipal cemetery on the edge of Madrid, Spain. Mingorrubio is a neighborhood in the northern district of Fuencarral-El Pardo. Notable burials * Francisco Franco (1892–1975), general and dictator (''Caudillo'' of Spain (1936–1975)), relocated from Valle de los Caídos on 24 October 2019 * Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás (1900–1988), Franco's wife, Grandee of Spain * Carlos Arias Navarro (1908–1989), last Francoist Prime Minister of Spain (1973–1976) * Luis Carrero Blanco (1904–1973), Spanish Navy admiral, Francoist Prime Minister of Spain (June–December 1973) * Luis Gutiérrez Soto (1900–1977), architect during the Franco era * Rafael Trujillo (1891–1961), military dictator of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961), two times President (1930–1938, 1942–1952) * Ramfis Trujillo Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Martínez (5 June 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memory Laws
A memory law ( in German, in French) is a legal provision governing the interpretation of historical events and showcases the legislator's or judicial preference for a certain narrative about the past. In the process, competing interpretations may be downplayed, sidelined, or even prohibited. Various types of memory laws exist, in particular, in countries that allow for the introduction of limitations to the freedom of expression to protect other values, such as the democratic character of the state, the rights and reputation of others, and historical truth. Uladzislau Belavusau and Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias define memory laws as "enshrine ngstate-approved interpretations of historical events." Eric Heinze argues that law can work equally powerfully through legislation that makes no express reference to history, for example, when journalists, academics, students, or other citizens face personal or professional hardship for dissenting from official histories. Memory l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pablo Casado
Pablo Casado Blanco (; born 1 February 1981) is a Spanish former politician. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies representing Madrid until 4 April 2022, having previously represented Ávila between 2011 and 2019. From 2015 to 2018, he also served as vice secretary general of communication of the People's Party (PP). From July 2018 until April 2022, he was the president of the PP. Biography Early life Casado was born on 1 February 1981 in Palencia. His father, Miguel Casado González, was a doctor and his mother, Esther Blanco Ruiz, a nursing university professor. His family owns an ophthalmologic clinic in his native city. He studied at the ''Colegio Castilla'', managed by the Marist Brothers, and took the 8th year of the General Basic Education (EGB) at Douai School in the United Kingdom. He has five brothers. He started his university studies in law at the ICADE (a centre located in Madrid and integrated within the Universidad Pontificia Comillas) in 1999, but he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Next Spanish General Election
The 2023 Spanish general election will be held no later than Sunday, 10 December 2023, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies will be up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate. The term of the Spanish government appointed following the November 2019 election—which comprised a coalition of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Unidas Podemos, the first such government nationwide in Spain since the times of the Second Spanish Republic—was quickly overshadowed by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 and its political and economical consequences, including the worst worldwide recession since the Great Depression resulting from the massive lockdowns enforced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. To the right of the political spectrum, and struggling to consolidate their political space in competition with eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vox (political Party)
Vox (Latin for "voice", often stylized as VOX; ) is a national-conservative political party in Spain. Founded in 2013, it is currently led by party president Santiago Abascal, vice presidents Jorge Buxadé, Javier Ortega Smith, Reyes Romero, and secretary general Ignacio Garriga. Vox is identified as right-wing to far-right by academics and mainstream journalists. The party entered the Spanish parliament for the first time in the April 2019 general election, and became the country's third political force after the November 2019 Spanish general election, in which it secured 3.6 million votes and 52 seats in the Congress of Deputies. Its public support is on the rise, according to results of subsequent regional elections, and opinion polls. History Origins Vox was founded on 17 December 2013, and publicly launched at a press conference in Madrid on 16 January 2014 as a split from the People's Party (PP). This schism was interpreted as an offshoot of "neoconservative" or " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Félix Bolaños
Félix Bolaños García (Madrid, 17 December 1975) is a Spanish lawyer and politician who serves as minister of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Democratic Memory of Spain since 2021. Previously, he served as Secretary-General of the Office of the Prime Minister of Spain from 2018 to 2021. Biography Bolaños was born in the city of Madrid in 1975. Studies and career He graduated in law by the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), being the first of his promotion in both the preparatory grade to be a lawyer and the special grade in labour law of the School of Legal Practice of the UCM. He began to practice law In 1998 and in 2001 he started working as a lawyer in the labour department at the Uría Menéndez Law Firm. In May 2005, he joined the Bank of Spain, obtaining the only summoned position of legal counsel in labour, union and Social Security matters. Between October 2008 and June 2018, he served as head of the Labour Legal Advice and Legal Documentati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morning Star (British Newspaper)
The ''Morning Star'' is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues. Originally founded in 1930 as the ''Daily Worker'' by the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), ownership was transferred from the CPGB to an independent readers' co-operative in 1945. The paper was then renamed and reinvented as the ''Morning Star'' in 1966. The paper describes its editorial stance as in line with ''Britain's Road to Socialism'', the programme of the Communist Party of Britain. During the Cold War, the paper gave a platform to whistleblowers exposing numerous war crimes and atrocities, including publishing proof that the British military were allowing Dayak auxiliaries to headhunt suspected MNLA guerrillas in the Malayan Emergency, publishing evidence of the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, and revealing the existence of mass graves of civilians killed by the South Korean government. The ''Mornin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Brigade Memorial Trust
The International Brigade Memorial Trust is a British educational trust formed by the veterans of the International Brigade Association, the Friends of the IBA, representatives of the Marx Memorial Library, and historians specialising in the Spanish Civil War. The aims of the IBMT are to: # Educate the public in the history of the men and women who fought in the International Brigades and in the medical and other support services in the Spanish Civil War. In particular, by preserving and cataloguing valuable historical material relating hereto and by making such material available to the public. # To foster good citizenship by remembering those who have fallen in the Spanish Civil War by preserving, maintaining and assisting in the construction of war memorials. The longest serving President of the International Brigade Memorial Trust was the late Jack Jones, former General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union, and himself a veteran of the British Battalion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Franco National Foundation
The Francisco Franco National Foundation ( es, Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco, links=no; FNFF) is a foundation and propaganda hub created in 1976 devoted to promoting the legacy of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. The only child of Franco, Carmen Franco (1926–2017) led the organisation and later became its honorary president. In 2017 200,000 people signed a petition, calling on the Spanish government to ban the organisation. In 2018, after new Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez promised that Franco's remains would be removed from the Valley of the Fallen, the Foundation collected a petition with 24,000 signatures to oppose the proposal. While relatively marginal in Spanish political culture, the FNFF (and members of the Franco family) gained enormous public visibility in connection with the dictator's exhumation. See also * Francoism Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Baccalaureate
The Spanish Baccalaureate ( es, Bachillerato) is the post-16 stage of education in Spain, comparable to the A Levels/Higher (Scottish) in the UK, the French Baccalaureate in France or the International Baccalaureate. It follows the Education in Spain#Secondary education, ESO (compulsory stage of secondary education). After taking the ''Bachillerato'', a student may enter vocational training (Higher-level Training Cycles, ''Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior'') or take the "''Selectividad''" tests for admission to university. There are two parts, a core curriculum with the compulsory subjects and a specialist part with a number of pre-selected branches to choose from. History In Spanish (and Hispano-American) education from the 13th century up to the 17th or 18th century, the term ''Bachiller'' referred to the lower grade of university studies, enabling entry to a profession without reaching the higher grades of ''licenciado'' or ''doctorado''. Before 1953 in Spain, the term ''bac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Government Of Pedro Sánchez
The second government of Pedro Sánchez was formed on 13 January 2020, following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 7 January and his swearing-in on 8 January, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the November 2019 general election. It succeeded the first Sánchez government and is the incumbent Government of Spain since 13 January 2020, a total of days, or . The cabinet comprises members of the PSOE (including its sister party, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, PSC) and Unidas Podemos—with the involvement of Podemos, United Left (IU), the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and En Comú Podem (ECP)—as well as independents proposed by both parties, to become the first nationwide coalition government to be formed in Spain since the Second Spanish Republic. It has been alternatively dubbed as the "progressive coalition" ( es, coalición progresista), after the name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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