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Deforestation In Madagascar
Deforestation in Madagascar is an ongoing environmental issue. Deforestation creates agricultural or pastoral land but can also result in desertification, water resource degradation, biodiversity erosion and habitat loss, and soil loss. It has been noticed that Madagascar has lost 80 or 90% of its "original" or "pre-human" forest cover, but this claim is difficult to prove and is not supported by evidence. What is certain is that the arrival of humans on Madagascar some 2000+ years ago began a process of fire, cultivation, logging and grazing that has reduced forest cover. Industrial forest exploitation during the Merina monarchy and French colonialism contributed to forest loss. Evidence from air photography and remote sensing suggest that by c. 2000, around 40% to 50% of the forest cover present in 1950 was lost. Current hotspots for deforestation include dry forests in the southwest being converted for maize cultivation and rain forests in the northeast exploited for tropical h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manantenina Bushfire
Manantenina is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Taolanaro, which is a part of Anosy Region. It is situated at the coast of the Indian Ocean at 107 km North of Fort-Dauphin on the unpaved Route nationale 12a. Manantenina lies at southern banks of the Soavary river. In its south the municipality is also crossed by the Ankaramany river. 09 fokontany (villages) are part of this municipality: Manantenina Haut, Manantenina Bas, Ambalateza, Ankarefo, Ampasimasay, Esama, Ankaromanihy, Manambato and Antanintsara. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 19,000 in 2001 commune census. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 50% of the population works in fishing. 35% are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is cassava, while other important products are sweet potatoes and rice Rice is the seed of the grass spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecoregions And Forest Types In Madagascar
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species. The biodiversity of flora, fauna and ecosystems that characterise an ecoregion tends to be distinct from that of other ecoregions. In theory, biodiversity or conservation ecoregions are relatively large areas of land or water where the probability of encountering different species and communities at any given point remains relatively constant, within an acceptable range of variation (largely undefined at this point). Three caveats are appropriate for all bio-geographic mapping approaches. Firstly, no single bio-geographic framework is optimal for all taxa. Ecoregions reflect the best compromise for as many taxa as possible. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slash And Burn Agriculture, Morondava, Madagascar
Slash may refer to: * Slash (punctuation), the "/" character Arts and entertainment Fictional characters * Slash (Marvel Comics) * Slash (''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'') Music * Harry Slash & The Slashtones, an American rock band * Nash the Slash, stage name of Canadian musician James Plewman (1948–2014) * Slash (musician), stage name of British-American musician and songwriter Saul Hudson (born 1965) ** ''Slash'' (album), debut solo album by Slash ** ''Slash'' (autobiography), a book written by Slash with Anthony Bozza * Slash Records, a punk record label Other * ''Slash'' (fanzine), a punk rock fanzine founded in 1977 * ''Slash'' (film), a 2016 American comedy * Slash fiction, a genre of fan fiction People * Kordell Stewart, retired National Football League quarterback * Wolfie D, professional wrestler with the ring name Slash Sports * Slash, a type of basketball play frequently executed by a slasher * Slash, the act of slashing (ice hockey) Other * Samsung Slash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Geography (journal)
''Political Geography'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier covering the geographical and spatial dimensions of politics and the political. The current editor-in-chief is Kevin Grove (Florida International University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.043, ranking it 23rd out of 180 journals in the category "Political Science" and 18th out of 84 journals in the category "Geography". History The journal began as ''Political Geography Quarterly'' in 1982 (). It became a bimonthly magazine in 1992. See also * List of political science journals This is a list of political science journals presenting representative academic journals in the field of political science. A *''Acta Politica'' *''African Affairs'' *''American Journal of Political Science'' *''American Political Science Revi ... References External links * Bimonthly journals Elsevier academic journals English-language journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebony
Ebony is a dense black/brown hardwood, coming from several species in the genus ''Diospyros'', which also contains the persimmons. Unlike most woods, ebony is dense enough to sink in water. It is finely textured and has a mirror finish when polished, making it valuable as an ornamental wood. The word ''ebony'' comes from the Ancient Egyptian ', through the Ancient Greek ('), into Latin and Middle English. Species Species of ebony include ''Diospyros ebenum'' (Ceylon ebony), native to southern India and Sri Lanka; '' D. crassiflora'' (Gabon ebony), native to western Africa; and '' D. celebica'' (Sulawesi ebony), native to Indonesia and prized for its luxuriant, multi-colored wood grain. Mauritius ebony, '' D. tessellaria'', was largely exploited by the Dutch in the 17th century. Some species in the genus yield an ebony with similar physical properties, but striped rather than the even black of ''D. ebenum''. Uses Ebony has a long history of use, and carved pieces have be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosewood
Rosewood refers to any of a number of richly hued timbers, often brownish with darker veining, but found in many different hues. True rosewoods All genuine rosewoods belong to the genus ''Dalbergia''. The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the Western world is the wood of ''Dalbergia nigra''. It is best known as "Brazilian rosewood", but also as "Bahia rosewood". This wood has a strong, sweet smell, which persists for many years, explaining the name ''rosewood''. Another classic rosewood comes from ''Dalbergia latifolia'', known as (East) Indian rosewood or ''sonokeling'' (Indonesia). It is native to India and is also grown in plantations elsewhere in Pakistan (Chiniot). Madagascar rosewood (''Dalbergia maritima''), known as ''bois de rose'', is highly prized for its red color. It is overexploited in the wild, despite a 2010 moratorium on trade and illegal logging, which continues on a large scale. Throughout southeast Asia, ''Dalbergia oliveri'' is harvested for use in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegal Logging
Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. Illegal logging is a driving force for a number of environmental issues such as deforestation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss which can drive larger scale environmental crisis such as climate change and other forms of environmental degradation. Illegality may also occur during transport, such as illegal processing and export (through fraudulent declaration to customs); the avoidance of taxes and other charges, and fraudulent certification. These acts are often referred to as "wood laundering". Illegal logging is driven by a number of economic forces, such as demand for raw materials, land grabbing and demand for pasture for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegal Export Of Rosewood 002
Illegal, or unlawful, typically describes something that is explicitly prohibited by law, or is otherwise forbidden by a state or other governing body. Illegal may also refer to: Law * Violation of law * Crime, the practice of breaking the criminal law * An illegal immigrant, a person that performed illegal immigration Entertainment * ''The Illegal'' (novel) (2015), by Canadian writer Lawrence Hill Films * ''Illegal'' (1932 film), British * ''Illegal'' (1955 film), American * ''Illegal'' (2010 film), Belgian * ''The Illegal'' (2019), film starring Suraj Sharma Music * Illegal (group), a 1990s rap group * "Illegal" (song), a track from pop singer Shakira's 2005 release, ''Oral Fixation Vol. 2'' See also * * ''Illegal agent'', also known as Non-official cover * Illegals Program, Russian spies arrested in the United States in 2010 * The Illegal (other) * Illegalism Illegalism is a tendency of anarchism that developed primarily in France, Italy, Belgium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Cover Change On Six Decades From 1953 To 2014 In Madagascar
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines a forest as, "Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds ''in situ''. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban use." Using this definition, '' Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020'' (FRA 2020) found that forests covered , or approximately 31 percent of the world's land area in 2020. Forests are the predominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are found around the globe. More than half of the world's forests are found in only five countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Russia, and the United States). The largest share of forests (45 percent) are in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar Mangroves
Madagascar mangroves are a coastal ecoregion in the mangrove forest biome found on the west coast of Madagascar. They are included in the WWF's Global 200 list of most outstanding ecoregions. Geography Mangrove swamps are located in flat coastal areas where the ocean tides wash saltwater high into the mouths of rivers which are bringing nutrient-rich soil down to the coast. For mangroves to thrive, there needs to be some natural feature such as coral reefs to shelter the coast from ocean storms and monsoons. In Madagascar, they are mostly found on the more sheltered west coast along the Mozambique Channel, where they stretch along roughly of coastline. The largest areas are in the estuaries of the Betsiboka River (in Bombetoka Bay near the city of Mahajanga), Besalampy, the Mahajamba and South Mahavavy river, and near Maintirano. The climate is warm all along the coast but more humid in the north. Flora The mangrove trees found in Madagascar are mainly ''Rhizophora mucronat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar Spiny Forests
The Madagascar spiny forests (also known as the Madagascar spiny thickets) is an ecoregion in the southwest of Madagascar. The vegetation type is found on poor substrates with low, erratic winter rainfall. The ecoregion contains an outstanding proportion of endemic plant species and is listed as one of the 200 most important ecological regions in the world; one of the Global 200. Flora This is the area with the highest level of plant endemism in Madagascar, with 48% of the genera and 95% of the species endemic.Elmqvist T, Pyyko ̈nen M, Tengo ̈M, Rakotondrasoa F, Rabakonandrianina E, et al (2007) Patterns of Loss and Regeneration of Tropical DryForest in Madagascar: The Social Institutional Context. PLoS ONE 2(5): e402. doi:10.1371 Many constituent plants show extreme adaptations to drought. Spiny plants of the endemic subfamily Didiereoideae form a conspicuous component, especially towards the east. They are woody but distantly related to the cacti. The remaining component of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar Dry Deciduous Forests
The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agriculture. They are among the world's richest and most distinctive dry forests and included in the Global 200 ecoregions by the World Wide Fund. The area is also home to distinctive limestone karst formations known as tsingy, including the World Heritage Site of Bemaraha. Geography There are two separate areas within the ecoregion: the western side of Madagascar from the Ampasindava peninsula in the north to Belo-sur-Tsiribihina and Maromandia in the south (this is most of Mahajanga Province); and the northern tip of the island (apart from the high areas of Amber Mountain). Geological substrate is varied and includes the tsingy limestone massifs. These dry deciduous forests span the coastal plain with its limestone plateaus emanatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
