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De Systemate Orbis Cometici, Deque Admirandis Coeli Characteribus
''De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus'' (transl. ''Of the systematics of the world of comets, and on the admirable objects of the sky'') is a small tract on comets and other celestial objects by the Sicilian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna published in 1654. It contains a catalogue of comets and other celestial objects, but had limited circulation and the work was forgotten until 1985. In this work, Hodierna expressed the belief that comets were made of a more terrestrial substance, and considered nebulae to be made up of stars (''Lux Primogenita''). Scope The first part of his work (''De systemate orbis cometici'') followed Galileo's ideas on comets. The second part (''De admirandis coeli characteribus'') consisted of four main sections. The first concerns the classification of nebulaes. Hodierna classified the objects into three types according to their resolvability. ''Luminosae'', or star clusters to the naked eye, ''Nebulae'', or clusters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, usually religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time. By the early part of the 21st century, a tract referred to a brief pamphlet used for religious and political purposes, though far more often the former. Tracts are often either left for someone to find or handed out. However, there have been times in history when the term implied tome-like works. A ''tractate'', a derivative of a tract, is equivalent in Hebrew literature to a ''chapter'' of the Christian Bible. History The distribution of tracts pre-dates the development of the printing press, with the term being applied by scholars to religious and political works at least as early as the 7th century. They were used to disseminate the teachings of John Wycliffe in the 14th century. As a political tool, they proliferated throughout Europe during the 17th century. They have been printed as persuasive religious material since the invention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messier 41
Messier 41 (also known as M41 or NGC 2287) is an open cluster in the constellation Canis Major, sometimes referred to as The Little Beehive Cluster. It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and was perhaps known to Aristotle about 325 BC. It lies about four degrees almost exactly south of Sirius, with which it forms a roughly equilateral triangle with Nu2 Canis Majoris to the west—all three figure in the same field in binoculars. The cluster covers an area about the size of the full Moon. It contains about 100 stars, including several red giants the brightest of which has spectral type K3, apparent magnitude 6.3 and is near the center, and some white dwarfs.Dobbie, P, Day-Jones, A, Williams, K, Casewell, S, Burleigh, M, Lodieu, N, Parker, Q, Baxter, R, (2012), "Further investigation of white dwarfs in the open clusters NGC2287 and NGC3532", Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 423, 2815–2828 The cluster is estimated to be moving away from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17th-century Latin Books
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 ( MDCI), to December 31, 1700 ( MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French ''Grand Siècle'' dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by the Kingdom of France of Louis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in the civil war of the Fronde. The semi-feudal territorial French nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of an absolute monarchy through the reinvention of the Palace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded royal court could be more easil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brocchi's Cluster
Brocchi's Cluster (also known as Collinder 399, Cr 399 or Al Sufi's Cluster) is a asterism of six stars in an apparent row, across 1.3° of the night sky and four others, in the south of the constellation Vulpecula, thus near Sagitta. Its nickname is the Coathanger. None of these ten stars are believed to be much gravitationally associated, so not a star cluster, a fact not known until 1997. An additional 30 or so much fainter stars to terrestrial observers are sometimes considered to be associated. History It was first described by the Persian astronomer Al Sufi in his ''Book of Fixed Stars'' in 964. In the 17th century, it was independently rediscovered by the Italian astronomer G. B. Hodierna. In the 1920s, Dalmero Francis Brocchi, an amateur astronomer and chart maker for the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), created a map of the stars for use in calibrating photometers. In 1931, Swedish astronomer Per Collinder listed it in his catalogue of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messier 42
Messier may refer to: People with the surname *Charles Messier, French astronomer *Éric Messier, former NHL defenseman *George Messier, French inventor *Jean-Marie Messier, former CEO of Vivendi Universal *Marc Messier, Canadian actor from Quebec *Mark Messier, former NHL player, Hall of fame class 2007 *Paul Arthur Messier, art conservator Other uses *Messier object, a set of 110 astronomical objects *Messier (crater) *Messier (automobile) Messier was a French automobile manufacturer, based at Montrouge, on the southern edge of Paris, from 1925 till 1931.Linz, Schrader: ''Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.''Georgano: ''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.''Georgan ..., a French car produced 1925–1931 * Messier-Dowty and preceding companies in manufacture of aircraft undercarriage {{disambiguation, surname French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messier 31
Messier may refer to: People with the surname *Charles Messier, French astronomer *Éric Messier, former NHL defenseman *George Messier, French inventor *Jean-Marie Messier, former CEO of Vivendi Universal *Marc Messier, Canadian actor from Quebec *Mark Messier, former NHL player, Hall of fame class 2007 *Paul Arthur Messier, art conservator Other uses *Messier object, a set of 110 astronomical objects *Messier (crater) *Messier (automobile) Messier was a French automobile manufacturer, based at Montrouge, on the southern edge of Paris, from 1925 till 1931.Linz, Schrader: ''Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.''Georgano: ''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.''Georgan ..., a French car produced 1925–1931 * Messier-Dowty and preceding companies in manufacture of aircraft undercarriage {{disambiguation, surname French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NGC 2451
NGC 2451 is an open cluster in the Puppis constellation, probably discovered by Giovanni Battista Hodierna before 1654 and John Herschel in 1835. In 1994, it was postulated that this was actually two open clusters that lie along the same line of sight. This was confirmed in 1996. The respective clusters are labeled ''NGC 2451 A'' and ''NGC 2451 B'', and they are located at distances of 600 and 1,200 light-year A light-year, alternatively spelled light year, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (), or 5.88 trillion miles ().One trillion here is taken to be 1012 ...s, respectively. References External links * NGC 2451 @ SEDS NGC objects pages* 2451 Open clusters Puppis {{star-cluster-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NGC 2175
Open Cluster NGC 2175 (also known as OCL 476 or Cr 84) is an open cluster in the Orion constellation, embedded in a diffusion nebula. It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and independently discovered by Karl Christian Bruhns in 1857. NGC 2175 is at a distance of about 6,350 light years away from Earth. The nebula surrounding it is Sharpless catalog Sh 2-252. There is some equivocation in the use of the identifiers NGC 2174 NGC 2174 (also known as Monkey Head Nebula) is an H II emission nebula located in the constellation Orion and is associated with the open star cluster NGC 2175. It is thought to be located about 6,400 light-years away from Earth. The nebula m ... and NGC 2175. These may apply to the entire nebula, to its brightest knot, or to the star cluster it includes. Burnham's ''Celestial Handbook'' lists the entire nebula as 2174/2175 and does not mention the star cluster.Robert Burnham, Jr, ''Burnham's Celestial Handbook'', Dover, 1978, p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NGC 2169
NGC 2169, is an open cluster in the Orion constellation. It was possibly discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and discovered by William Herschel on October 15, 1784. NGC 2169 is at a distance of about 3,600 light years away from Earth. It is nicknamed "The '37' Cluster" due to its striking resemblance to the numerals " 37". The cluster is composed of components ''Collinder 38'', a I3pn open cluster,Backyard Astronomy for Amateur Astronomers"Collinder 38"(accessed 2014-03-03) and ''Collinder 83'', a III3m open cluster. References External links ** * {{Ngc25 2169 In contemporary history, the third millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era in the Gregorian calendar is the current millennium spanning the years 2001 to 3000 (21st century, 21st to 30th century, 30th centuries). Ongoing futures studies se ... Open clusters Orion (constellation) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NGC 752
NGC 752 (also known as Caldwell 28) is an open cluster in the constellation Andromeda (constellation), Andromeda. The cluster was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783 and cataloged by her brother William Herschel in 1786, although an object that may have been NGC 752 was described by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654. The large cluster lies 1,300 light-years away from the Earth and is easily seen through binoculars, although it may approach naked eye visibility under good observing conditions. A telescope reveals about 60 stars no brighter than 9th magnitude within NGC 752.Frommert, KronbergSEDS: NGC 752/ref> Components The most up-to-date research lists 258 stars as members of NGC 752. Since the age of the cluster is Gyr, they are low mass stars in the main sequence or red giant phase. A blue straggler star is also present, along with some spectroscopic binaries and variable stars. The detached eclipsing binary DS Andromedae is a member of this cluster. Images Notable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messier 34
Messier 34 (also known as M34 or NGC 1039) is a large and relatively near open cluster in Perseus. It was probably discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and included by Charles Messier in his catalog of comet-like objects in 1764. Messier described it as, "A cluster of small stars a little below the parallel of γ (Andromedae). In an ordinary telescope of 3 feet one can distinguish the stars." Based on the distance modulus of 8.38, it is about away. For stars ranging from 0.12 to 1 solar mass (), the cluster has about 400. It spans about 35 ′ on the sky which translates to a true radius of 7.5 light years at such distance. The cluster is just visible to the naked eye in very dark conditions, well away from city lights. It is possible to see it in binoculars when light pollution is low. The age of this cluster lies between the ages of the Pleiades open cluster at 100 million years and the Hyades open cluster at 800 million years. Specifically, comparison be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messier 33
Messier may refer to: People with the surname *Charles Messier, French astronomer * Éric Messier, former NHL defenseman * George Messier, French inventor *Jean-Marie Messier, former CEO of Vivendi Universal *Marc Messier, Canadian actor from Quebec * Mark Messier, former NHL player, Hall of fame class 2007 * Paul Arthur Messier, art conservator Other uses *Messier object, a set of 110 astronomical objects *Messier (crater) Messier is a relatively young lunar impact crater located on the Mare Fecunditatis. The crater has a discernible oblong shape that is not caused by foreshortening. The longer dimension is oriented in an east–west direction. Just to the wes ... * Messier (automobile), a French car produced 1925–1931 * Messier-Dowty and preceding companies in manufacture of aircraft undercarriage {{disambiguation, surname French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
