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Dawud Tai
Abu Sulaiman Dawud ibn Nusair al-Tā'ī, () usually referred to as Dawud Tā'ī, (died between 776 and 783 CE) was an Islamic scholar and Sufi mystic. He resided in Kufa and was a prominent student of Abu Hanifa. His disciples included many influential personalities of Islamic mysticism, e.g., Maruf Karkhi and Ahmad al-Buni. His master was Habib al-Ajami. Biography Ta'i studied hadith and fiqh for many years with Imam Azam Abu Hanifa in Kufa, and being one of his favorite students, he reached a high level in science and fiqh. He also had an effective speaking ability. He was probably being a bit offensive too. As a matter of fact, when he hit someone with his stick, his teacher Abu Hanifa had to scold him: "Abu Suleiman, your hand and tongue are growing long!" Dawud al-Tai was highly affected by this warning and did not speak in the last year of his studentship; he neither asked nor answered any questions.Abu Nuaym, VII, 336 Although al-Tai was "the most fluent speaker of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Ibn Adham
Ibrahim ibn Adham also called Ibrahim Balkhi (); c. 718 – c. 782 / AH c. 100 – c. 165 is one of the most prominent of the early ascetic Sufi saints. The story of his conversion is one of the most celebrated in Sufi legend, as that of a prince renouncing his throne and choosing asceticism closely echoing the legend of Gautama Buddha. Sufi tradition ascribes to Ibrahim countless acts of righteousness, and his humble lifestyle, which contrasted sharply with his early life as the king of Balkh (itself an earlier centre of Buddhism). As recounted by Abu Nu'aym, Ibrahim emphasised the importance of stillness and meditation for asceticism. Rumi extensively described the legend of Ibrahim in his ''Masnavi''. The most famous of Ibrahim's students is Shaqiq al-Balkhi (d. 810). Life According to Indian-Sufi Muslim Traditions Ibrahim's family was from Kufa in modern-day Iraq. He was born in Balkh (modern day Afghanistan). Most prominent sources and writers traced his lineage back to 'A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi Mystics
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Sufis
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word ''Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Ascetics
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''hadith''). With an estimated population of almost 1.9 billion followers as of 2020 year estimation, Muslims comprise more than 24.9% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each continental landmass stands at: 45% of Africa, 25% of Asia and Oceania (collectively), 6% of Europe, and 1% of the Americas. Additionally, in subdivided geographical regions, the figure stands at: 91% of the Middle East–North Africa, 90% of Central Asia, 65% of the Caucasus, 42% of Southeast Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suhrawardiyya
The Suhrawardiyya ( ar, سهروردية, fa, سهروردیه) is a Sufi order founded by Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi (died 1168). Lacking a centralised structure, it eventually divided into various branches. The order was especially prominent in India. The ideology of the Suhrawardiyya was inspired by Junayd of Baghdad (died 910) a Persian scholar and mystic from Baghdad. Under the Ilkhanate (1256–1335), the Suhrawardiyya was one of the three leading Sufi orders, and was based in western Iran. The order had its own '' khanaqahs'' (Sufi lodges), which helped them spread their influence throughout Persianate culture and society. The order included prominent members such as the Akbarian mystics Abd al-Razzaq Kashani (died 1329) and Sa'id al-Din Farghani (died 1300), and the Persian poet Saadi Shirazi Saadi Shīrāzī ( fa, ابومحمّد مصلحالدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), better known by his pen name Saadi (; fa, سعدی, , ), also known as Sadi of Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sufis
This list article contains names of notable people commonly considered as Sufis or otherwise associated with Sufism. List of notable Sufis A * Abu Baqar Siddique * Abadir Umar ar-Rida * Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi * Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani * Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari * Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad * Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi * Al-Qushayri * Abu al-Husain al-Nuri * Abu Madyan * Al-Sha'rani * Al-Suyuti * Al-Zaylaʽi * Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi * 'Abd Allah ibn 'Alawi Al-Haddad * Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi * Ahmad al-Tijani * Ahmad Zarruq * Ali al-Qari * Ali Sher Bengali * Ahmad Sirhindi * Ahmad al-Dardir * Ahmad ibn Ajiba * Ahmad al-Tayyeb * Ahmad Yasawi * Ali Gomaa * Ali al-Jifri * Abdalqadir as-Sufi * Abdul Qadir Gilani * Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan * Abdūl-Khāqeem Arvāsī * Abdullah Ibn Umar Badheeb Al Yamani (1825–1892) * Ad-Dağhestānī * Mufti Akhtar Raza Khan Azhari * Abdul Waahid Bin Zaid * Abu Ishaq Shami * Ahmad al-Alawi * Ahmed Reza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi (1856–1921) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muruwa
''Sharaf'' and ''ird'' are Bedouin honor codes. Along with hospitality and courage/bravery, it is one of the Bedouin aspects of ethics.Patai, Raphael. ''The Arab Mind''. Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, 1973. Bedouin systems of justice are based on these honor codes, although the codes are falling into disuse as more Bedouins accept sharia or national penal codes as the means for dispensing justice. Muruwah ''Muruwah'' can be translated to 'manliness' but its meaning is more broad. It meant courage in battle but also called for patience and endurance in suffering and dedication to the tribe. This virtue required obeisance to the chief (sayid) regardless of personal safety. Duty called upon one to avenge any wrongdoing committed against him or the tribe. This concept worked well in lawless regions to ensure the survival of the tribe. The accompanying vendetta (blood-feud) that was threatened with upon the breaking of honor codes was a way of ensuring security and order in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taqwa
''Taqwa'' ( ar, تقوى '' / '') is an Islamic term for being conscious and cognizant of God, of truth, "piety, fear of God."Nanji, Azim. "Islamic Ethics," in ''A Companion to Ethics'', Peter Singer. Oxford: Blackwells,n(1991), pp. 106–118. It is often found in the Quran. Those who practice ''taqwa'' — in the words of Ibn Abbas, "believers who avoid Shirk with Allah and who work in His obedience" — are called ''muttaqin'' ( ar, لْ المُتَّقِين '). Definitions The word “Taqwã” is derived from the verb waqã, which literally means to preserve, protect, safeguard, shield, etc. The Arabic word taqwa means "forbearance, fear and abstinence." Some descriptions of the term from Islamic sources include: *"God consciousness ... piousness, fear of Allah, love for Allah, and self restraint". *"God-consciousness or God-fearing piety", "virtue", "wariness". *Fear of Allah, "being careful, knowing your place in the cosmos". "Proof" of Taqwa is the "experience of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fariduddin Attar
Abū Ḥamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (c. 1145 – c. 1221; fa, ابو حامد بن ابوبکر ابراهیم), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn () and ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur (, Attar means apothecary), was a PersianRitter, H. (1986), “Attar”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. 1: 751-755. Excerpt: "ATTAR, FARID AL-DIN MUHAMMAD B. IBRAHIM.Persian mystical poet.Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, in Encyclopædia Britannica, online edition - accessed December 2012./ref> poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. He wrote a collection of lyrical poems and number of long poems in the philosophical tradition of Islamic mysticism, as well as a prose work with biographies and sayings of famous Muslim mystics. Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr (''The Conference of the Birds)'' and '' Ilāhī-Nāma'' (''The Book of Divine)'' and Memorial of the Saints are among his best known works. Biog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Yusuf
Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari () better known as Abu Yusuf ( ar, أبو يوسف, Abū Yūsuf) (d.798) was a student of jurist Abu Hanifa (d.767) who helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school of Sharia, Islamic law through his writings and the government positions he held. He served as the chief judge (''qadi al-qudat'') during reign of Harun al-Rashid. His most famous work was ''Kitab al-Kharaj'', a treatise on taxation and fiscal problems of the state. Biography Abu Yusuf lived in Kufa and Baghdad, in what is now Iraq, during the 8th century. His genealogy has been traced back to Sa'd ibn Habta, a youth in Medina in the time of the Prophet, and his birth date is estimated based on the date of his death to be around 113/729CE. Based on anecdotal stories, Abu Yusuf was raised poor but with a ferocious appetite for knowledge. His mother disapproved of his academic desires, insisting that he master some trade (the art of tailoring, according to some source) so as to help ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harun Al-Rashid
Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi ( ar , أبو جعفر هارون ابن محمد المهدي) or Harun ibn al-Mahdi (; or 766 – 24 March 809), famously known as Harun al-Rashid ( ar, هَارُون الرَشِيد, translit=Hārūn al-Rashīd) was the fifth Abbasid caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from September 786 until his death. His reign is traditionally regarded to be the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age. His epithet "al-Rashid" translates to "the Orthodox", "the Just", "the Upright", or "the Rightly-Guided". Harun established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") in Baghdad in present-day Iraq, and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a world center of knowledge, culture and trade. During his rule, the family of Barmakids, which played a deciding role in establishing the Abbasid Caliphate, declined gradually. In 796, he moved his court and government to Raqqa in present-day Syria. A Frankish mission came to offer H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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