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David Gowan
David M. Gowan Sr. is an American politician who currently serves in the Arizona Senate from January 14, 2019, and previously as Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives for the 2015–2017 legislative session and a Representative for Legislative District 14 from January 14, 2013, to January 9, 2017. Gowan served consecutively from January 2009 until January 14, 2013 in the District 30 seat which redistricted into District 14 in 2012. In 2013, he was elected Majority Leader of the Republican Party in the House of Representatives. In 2015, Gowan was elected to serve as Speaker of the House. On October 5, 2015, Gowan announced his candidacy for Arizona's 1st congressional district, but withdrew before the Republican primary. Career before politics Prior to entering politics, Gowan was a magazine distributor and karate instructor.Hank StephensonA man with a plan: David Gowan defies the odds to become speaker of the House ''Arizona Capitol Times'' (December 1, 2014). Politic ...
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Arizona 19th Legislative District
Arizona's 19th Legislative District is one of 30 in the state, situated in Maricopa County. As of 2021, there are 29 precincts in the district, with a total registered voter population of 106,021. The district has an overall population of 247,419. Political representation The district is represented for the 2021–2022 Legislative Session in the State Senate by Lupe Contreras (D) and in the House of Representatives by Diego Espinoza Diego Espinoza is a former Democratic member of the Arizona House of Representatives The Arizona State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper hou ... (D) and Lorenzo Sierra (D). References {{Reflist Maricopa County, Arizona Arizona legislative districts ...
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Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Santa Cruz is a County (United States), county in southern Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population is 47,669. The county seat is Nogales, Arizona, Nogales. The county was established in 1899. It borders Pima County, Arizona, Pima County to the north and west, Cochise County, Arizona, Cochise County to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora (state), Sonora to the south. Santa Cruz County includes the Nogales, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Tucson, Arizona, Tucson-Nogales, Arizona Combined Statistical Area. History Santa Cruz County, formed on March 15, 1899, out of what was then Pima County, Arizona, Pima County, is named after the Santa Cruz River (Arizona), Santa Cruz River. The river originates in the Canelo Hills in the eastern portion of the county, crosses south into Mexico near the community of Santa Cruz, Sonora and then bends northwards returning into the United States (and Santa C ...
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Stephanie Grisham
Stephanie Ann Grisham ( née Sommerville; born July 23, 1976) is an American former White House official who served as the 32nd White House press secretary and as White House communications director from July 2019 to April 2020. She served as Chief of Staff and Press Secretary for the first lady of the United States, Melania Trump from 2020 to 2021, and previously as her Press Secretary from 2017 to 2019. Grisham was a press aide to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, and then a member of the presidential transition team. She was the first White House Press Secretary to hold no press conferences, instead opting for interviews on conservative news outlets. Grisham assumed the role of chief of staff to the first lady on April 7, 2020. She resigned on January 6, 2021, following the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. In September 2021, she announced the publication of her book about her time working in the Trump administration, '' I'll Take Your Questions Now''. E ...
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Investigative Journalism
Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms "watchdog reporting" or "accountability reporting." Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services, and freelance journalists. With the decline in income through advertising, many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism, due to it being very time-consuming and expensive. Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together, even internationally (as in the case of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers), or by organizations such as ProPublica, which have not operated previously as news publishers and which rely on the support of the public and benefact ...
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Mens Rea
In criminal law, (; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime; or knowledge that one's action (or lack of action) would cause a crime to be committed. It is considered a necessary element of many crimes. The standard common law test of criminal Legal liability, liability is expressed in the Latin phrase ,1 Subst. Crim. L. § 5.1(a) (3d ed.) i.e. "the act is not Culpability, culpable unless the mind is guilty". As a general rule, someone who acted without mental Fault (law), fault is not liable in criminal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law i ....". . . a person is not guilty of an offense unless he acted purposely, knowingly, recklessly or negligently, as the law may require, with respect to each material eleme ...
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Arizona Attorney General
The Arizona Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Arizona, in the United States. This state officer is the head of the Arizona Department of Law, more commonly known as the Arizona Attorney General's Office. The state attorney general is a constitutionally-established officer, elected by the people of the state to a four-year term. The state attorney general is second (behind the Secretary of State) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Arizona. Mark also believes that innocence of a crime is not a sufficient defense to get someone off death row as he argued in court. Headed by the attorney general of Arizona, the Arizona Attorney General's Office is the largest law office in the state, with approximately 400 attorneys and 1,000 employees. , the Attorney General's Office is divided into the following divisions: * Executive Office * Solicitor General * Operations * Child and Family Protection * State Government Division * Civil Litigation D ...
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Per Diem
''Per diem'' (Latin for "per day" or "for each day") or daily allowance is a specific amount of money that an organization gives an individual, typically an employee, per day to cover living expenses when travelling on the employer's business. A ''per diem'' payment can cover part or all of the expenses incurred. For example, it may include an accommodation allowance or it may only cover meals (with actual accommodation costs reimbursed separately or be prepaid). Travel, particularly by motor vehicles, is often reimbursed at a rate determined only by distance travelled, e.g., the US business mileage reimbursement rate. Fixed ''per diem'' (and ''per mile'') rates eliminate the need for employees to prepare, and employers to scrutinise, a detailed expense report with supporting receipts to document amounts spent while travelling on business. Instead, employers pay employees a standard daily rate without regard to actual expenditure. In some countries, the income tax code specifies a ...
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Eddie Farnsworth
Eddie Farnsworth (born May 4, 1961) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Arizona State House of Representatives and Arizona State Senate. Farnsworth previously served in the House consecutively from January 10, 2011 until January 14, 2013 in the District 22 seat, in the District 12 seat from 2013 to 2019, and non-consecutively from January 2001 until January 2009 in the District 22 and District 30 seats. Farnsworth served in the State Senate representing District 12 from January 14, 2019 to his retirement in 2021. Education Farnsworth earned his BA from the University of Arizona The University of Arizona (Arizona, U of A, UArizona, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Tucson, Arizona. Founded in 1885 by the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, it was the first university in the Arizona Territory. T ... and his MBAs in investments and finance from George Washington University and his Juris Doctor, JD from George Washington ...
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Bob Robson (politician)
Bob Robson is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives representing District 18. Robson previously served consecutively from January 10, 2011, until January 14, 2013, in the District 20 seat, and non-consecutively from January 2001 until January 2009 in the District 6 and District 20 seats. Education Robson earned his BS and MS in criminal justice from John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Elections * 2014 Robson successfully ran for reelection alongside Jill Norgaard. Robson came in second, narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Denise "Mitzi" Epstein in the general election with 31,587 votes. * 2012 Redistricted to District 18, and with incumbent Republican Representatives Cecil Ash and Steve Court leaving the Legislature, Dial and Robson were unopposed in the August 28, 2012, Republican primary; Dial placed first, and Robson placed second with 14,780 votes; Dial and Robson won the five-way November 6, 2012, general ele ...
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Arizona Supreme Court
The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona. Sitting in the Supreme Court building in downtown Phoenix, the court consists of a chief justice, a vice chief justice, and five associate justices. Each justice is appointed by the governor of Arizona from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission. Justices stand for retention in an election two years after their appointment and then every six years. They must retire at age 70. Court history The court started in 1912 with 3 justices. Alfred Franklin, Donald L. Cunningham, and Henry D. Ross took office on February 14, 1912 (Valentine's Day). In 1949, the Court expanded from 3 to 5 justices and from 5 to 7 justices in 2016. The jurisdiction of the court is prescribed by Article VI, Section 5 of the Arizona Constitution. Most of the appeals heard by the court go through the Arizona Court of Appeals, except for death penalty cases, over which the Arizona Supreme Court has sole appellate jur ...
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Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and colloquially known as Obamacare, is a landmark U.S. federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The ACA's major provisions came into force in 2014. By 2016, the uninsured share of the population had roughly halved, with estimates ranging from 20 to 24 million additional people covered. The law also enacted a host of delivery system reforms intended to constrain healthcare costs and improve quality. After it went into effect, increases in overall healthcare spending slowed, including premiums for employer-based insurance plans. The increased coverage was due ...
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Medicaid Expansion
In the context of American public healthcare policy, Medicaid coverage gap refers to uninsured people who reside in states which have opted out of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), who are both ineligible for Medicaid under its previous rules that still apply in these states and too poor to qualify for the ACA's subsidies and credits designed to allow middle-class Americans to purchase health insurance. The number of Americans in this gap has been estimated to be almost 3 million as of January 2016, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. The Foundation has also said that 90% of the people in this gap live in the South. In states that have not expanded Medicaid, eligibility requirements for Medicaid are limited to parents making 44% or less of the poverty line, and in almost all such states, all adults without children are ineligible. The coverage gap results from this and a number of factors, such as the fact that the ACA was designed so that the poor w ...
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