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Dardin Shervashidze
Dardin Shervashidze () (d. June 26, 1243) was a Georgian noble in 13th century. He was member of Shervashidze dynasty and duke of Tskhumi (Abkhazia) during the reign of Queen Rusudan of Georgia. Biography Little is known about Dardin's early life, the reign of Abkhazian princes of the Middle Ages are poorly documented by contemporary Georgian sources. Dardin was member of an influential dynasty in Western Georgia and duke in the Georgian province of Abkhazia, probably in the last years of the Georgian Golden Age. In 1243, while Queen Rusudan of Georgia accepted the suzerainty of the Mongol Empire, Dardin, along with other Georgian nobles, such as Pharadavla of Akhaltsikhe offered aid to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum against the Mongols in 1243. For his courage he had been raised to the position of great honor by the Sultan Kaykhusraw II, and was appointed as a commander of some 3,000 Georgian auxiliaries at the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243, where the Seljuk Turks were crushed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Tskhumi
The Duchy of Tskhumi ( ka, ცხუმის საერისთავო) was a duchy (''saeristavo'') in a medieval Georgia. Ruled by a House of Shervashidze, the duchy existed from 8th to 14th century, in the north-western part of Georgia and comprised territories around modern Sukhumi, Georgia. History Duchy of Tskhumi was probably formed as a separated feudal entity during the reign of Leon II on the lands of ancient Apsiles. Forming one of the eight duchies of Kingdom of Abkhazia, it comprised territories above Lazica up to Anacopia and Alania. Bagrat's castle served as the seat of the Eristavi of Tskhumi. In 1033, Bagrat IV's half-brother Demetre organized the plot with the aim of dethrone his brother. Although an attempt by some great nobles to exploit Demetre's possible aspirations to the throne in their opposition to Bagrat's rule failed. Now threatened by Bagrat, the dowager Queen Alda defected to the Byzantines and surrendered Anacopia to the emperor Romanos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhaltsikheli
{{Short description, Georgian noble family Akhaltsikheli ( ka, ახალციხელი; pl. ''Akhaltsikhelebi'', ახალციხელები) were a Georgian noble family prominent in the end of the 12th to the mid-13th centuries. Their name came from the city of Akhaltsikhe, their original fiefdom. They branched out from the Toreli (Thoreli) ducal family towards the end of the 12th century and through loyal service to the Georgian crown acquired more lands including those ruled by their kinsmen from the Thoreli house. As a result of the Khwarezmian and Mongol invasions, the family declined, lost their possessions to other noble families, and virtually became extinct by the end of the 13th century. The most prominent of them were: * Shalva of Akhaltsikhe * Ivane of Akhaltsikhe (died 1225), Shalva's brother, prominent military commander who was appointed governor general of Kars in 1205/1206 and granted the titles of Atabek and Amira. He was killed by the Khw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobility Of Georgia (country)
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., precedence), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically hereditary and patrilineal. Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility. There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, but nobility also existed in such regimes as the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), the Republic of Genoa (1005– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baiju Noyan
Baiju Noyan or Baichu (, , ; in European sources: Bayothnoy; ) was a Mongol commander in Persia, Armenia, Anatolia and Georgia. He was appointed by Ögedei Khan to succeed Chormagan. He was the last direct imperial governor of the Mongol Near East; after his death Hulagu's descendants inherited domains he once commanded. Background Baiju belonged to Besut tribe of Mongols and was a relative of Jebe. His father was a mingghan commander under Genghis Khan and he inherited this contingent upon his death. Career Baiju was a second-in-command of Chormaqan and took part in an attack on Jalal ad-Din near Isfahan in 1228. After Chormaqan's paralysis in 1241, Baiju took over his troops and became a tümen commander by appointment of Ögedei Khan. After Ögedei's death, Baiju started to take orders from Batu, former's nephew. Baiju immediately moved against the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, weakening its power at the Battle of Köse Dağ on 26 June 1243. After this battle, the Sultanate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Köse Dağ
The Battle of Köse Dağ was fought between the Sultanate of Rum ruled by the Seljuq dynasty and the Mongol Empire on June 26, 1243, at the defile of Köse Dağ, a location between Erzincan and Gümüşhane in modern northeastern Turkey. The Mongols achieved a decisive victory. Background During the reign of Ögedei Khan, the Sultanate of Rum offered friendship and a modest tribute to Chormaqan, a kheshig and one of the Mongols' greatest generals. Under Kaykhusraw II, however, the Mongols began to pressure the sultan to go to Mongolia in person, give hostages, and accept a Mongol ''darughachi''. Location Historian Gregory of Akner writes that the battle took place in a field between Erzurum and Erzincan, while Kirakos of Gandzak states that it took place close to a village called ''Chʻmankatuk'', which may refer to modern-day Üzümlü (formerly ''Cimin'') in the Erzincan Province of Turkey. Rashid al-Din Hamadani and other sources call the site of the battle Köse Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auxiliaries
Auxiliaries are support personnel that assist the military or police but are organised differently from regular forces. Auxiliary may be military volunteers undertaking support functions or performing certain duties such as garrison troops, usually on a part-time basis. Unlike a military reserve force, an auxiliary force does not necessarily have the same degree of training or ranking structure as regular soldiers, and it may or may not be integrated into a fighting force. Some auxiliaries, however, are militias composed of former active duty military personnel and actually have better training and combat experience than their regular counterparts. Historically, the designation ''auxiliary'' has also been given to foreign or allied troops in the service of a nation at war, most famously the eponymous ''Auxilia'' serving the Roman Empire. In the context of colonial troops, locally-recruited irregulars were often described as auxiliaries. Historical usage Roman auxiliaries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaykhusraw II
Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw ibn Kayqubād or Kaykhusraw II ( fa, غياث الدين كيخسرو بن كيقباد) was the sultan of the Seljuqs of Rûm from 1237 until his death in 1246. He ruled at the time of the Babai uprising and the Mongol invasion of Anatolia. He led the Seljuq army with its Christian allies at the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243. He was the last of the Seljuq sultans to wield any significant power and died as a vassal of the Mongols. Succession Kaykhusraw was the son of Kayqubad I and his wife Mahpari Khatun, who was Greek by origin. Although 'Kaykhusraw was the eldest, the sultan had chosen as heir the younger ‘Izz al-Din, one of his two sons by the Ayyubid princess Adila Khatun, daughter of al Adil I, sultan of Cairo and the Jazira In 1226, Kayqubad assigned the newly annexed Erzincan to Kaykhusraw. With the general Kamyar, the young prince participated in the conquest of Erzurum and later Ahlat. Kaykhusraw himself married Ghazia Khatun, the daughter o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Rum
fa, سلجوقیان روم () , status = , government_type = Hereditary monarchyTriarchy (1249–1254)Diarchy (1257–1262) , year_start = 1077 , year_end = 1308 , p1 = Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynastyByzantine Empire , p2 = Seljuk Empire , p3 = Danishmends , p4 = Mengujekids , p5 = Saltukids , p6 = Artuqids , s1 = Anatolian beyliks , s2 = Ilkhanate, , event_pre = Battle of Manzikert , date_pre = 1071 , event_start = Division from the Seljuk Empire , event1 = Battle of Köse Dağ , date_event1 = 1243 , event_end = Karamanid conquest , image_flag = Double-headed eagle of the Sultanate of Rum.svg , flag_size = 100px , flag_type = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, attempted invasions of Southeast Asia and conquered the Iranian Plateau; and westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol homeland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the more famous title of Genghis Khan (–1227), whom a council proclaimed as the ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and that of his descendants, who sent out invading armies in every direction. The vast transcontinental empire connected the East with the West, and the Pacific to the Mediterranean, in an enforced ''Pax Mongol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otagho II Shervashidze
Otagho II Sharvashidze () (d. 1213) was a 12–13th century Georgian noble. Biography Otagho Sharvashidze was born during the second half of the 12th century to duke Otagho I and his unknown wife. During his youth, he was titled as a "duke of Tskhumi" and succeeded his father on the throne of Abkhazia.I. Antelava. "History and Eulogy". - Xl-XIVth centuries. Georgian Historical Sources. Tb., 1988, p. 42-47; Nothing else is known about his reign except that he died in 1213. Following his death an interregnum An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order. Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next (coming from Latin '' ... began for a few years, until his son Dardin acquired the throne. References Sources Nobility of Georgia (country) 12th-century people from Georgia (country) 13th-century people from Georgia (country) House of Shervashi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Golden Age
The Georgian Golden Age ( ka, საქართველოს ოქროს ხანა, tr) describes a historical period in the High Middle Ages, spanning from roughly the late 11th to 13th centuries, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its power and development. In addition to military expansion, this period saw the flourishing of medieval Georgian architecture, painting and poetry, which was frequently expressed in the development of ecclesiastic art, as well as the creation of first major works of secular literature. Lasting more than two centuries, the Golden Age came to a gradual end due to persistent invasions of nomads, such as Mongols, as well as the spread of Black Death by these same nomadic groups. Georgia further weakened after the Fall of Constantinople, which effectively marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire, Georgia's traditional ally. As a result of these processes, by the 15th century Georgia fractured and turned into an isolated enc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rusudan Of Georgia
Rusudan ( ka, რუსუდანი, tr) (c. 1194–1245), a member of the Bagrationi dynasty, ruled as Queen of Georgia in 1223–1245. Life Daughter of King Tamar of Georgia by David Soslan, she succeeded her brother George IV on January 18, 1223. George’s untimely death marked the beginning of the end of the Georgian Golden Age. Rusudan was unable to preserve whatever was gained by her mother and brother. She was known as a beautiful woman devoted to pleasure, whose hand was sought by her Muslim neighbors. In Muslim sources, such as Ata-Malik Juvayni, Rusudan was known as Qiz-Malik, from the Turkish ''qiz'', "maiden", and the Arabic ''malik'', "king". Minorsky, Vladimir, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1993), ''E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936'', p. 756. Brill, In the autumn of 1225, Georgia was attacked by the Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, pursued by the Mongols. The Georgians suffered bitter defeat at the Battle of Garni, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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