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Damkom
The Committee for the Independence of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს დამოუკიდებლობის კომიტეტი, ''Sak’art’velos damoukideblobis komiteti'') or the Parity Committee (პარიტეტული კომიტეტი, ''Paritetuli komiteti'') was an underground anti-Soviet organization active in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in the early 1920s. It is commonly known as "Damkom" (short for ''damoukideblobis komiteti'', the Committee for Independence). The committee was responsible for the preparation and guidance of the abortive August Uprising of 1924. The committee was formed early in May 1922 as a result of the negotiations of the Georgian Social Democrats (Mensheviks), a former ruling party in pre-Communist Georgia, with its erstwhile political opposition – the National Democratic Party, the Federalist Party, the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) and the Skhivi (“Beam”) Party. Each party was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Uprising
The August Uprising ( ka, აგვისტოს აჯანყება, tr) was an unsuccessful insurrection against Soviet rule in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic from late August to early September 1924. Aimed at restoring the independence of Georgia from the Soviet Union, the uprising was led by the Committee for Independence of Georgia, a bloc of anti-Soviet political organisations chaired by the Georgian Social Democratic (Menshevik) Party. It represented the culmination of a three-year struggle against the Bolshevik regime that Soviet Russia's Red Army had established in Georgia during a military campaign against the Democratic Republic of Georgia in early 1921. Red Army and Cheka troops, under orders of the Georgian Bolsheviks Joseph Stalin and Sergo Ordzhonikidze, suppressed the insurrection and instigated a wave of mass repressions that killed several thousand Georgians. The August uprising was one of the last major rebellions against the early Soviet go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varden Tsulukidze
Varden Tsulukidze ( ka, ვარდენ წულუკიძე) (1865 – 19 May 1923) was a Georgian military commander and anti-Soviet resistance leader. Of a noble family, Tsulukidze served in the Imperial Russian army and was promoted to the rank of major-general in World War I. He then commanded a brigade in a newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia after whose fall to the Soviets (1921) he became one of the leaders of an underground independence movement. Tsulukidze was arrested by the Cheka along with his associates and shot at the outskirts of Tbilisi on 19 May 1923. Javakhishvili, Niko (2003), Грузины под Российским Флагом: Грузинские военные и государственные деятели на службе России в 1703-1917 (''Georgians under the Russian Banner''), p. 157. Tbilisi State University Press. Lang, David Marshall (1962), ''A Modern History of Georgia'', p. 241. London London is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Andronikashvili
Alexander Andronikashvili ( ka, ალექსანდრე ანდრონიკაშვილი) also known as Andronikov (1871 – 1923) was a Georgian military commander and anti-Soviet resistance leader. Of an old noble family, Andronikashvili served in the Imperial Russian army and was promoted to the rank of general in World War I. He then served for the General Staff of the military of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia. After the republic's fall to the Soviets (1921) he became one of the leaders of an underground independence movement. Andronikashvili was arrested by the Cheka along with his associates and shot at the outskirts of Tbilisi on May 19, 1923. Lang, David Marshall (1962), ''A Modern History of Georgia'', p. 241. London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valiko Jugheli
Vladimir “Valiko” Jugheli ( ka, ვალიკო ჯუღელი) (January 1, 1887 - 30 August 1924 ) was a Georgian politician and military commander. He was involved in the Marxist movement in Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire) at the beginning of the 20th century. After the split within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, to which he was a member, Jugheli sided with the Bolsheviks, but later defected to the Menshevik faction and became an influential member. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, he organized the Red Guard detachment which was later renamed into the People's Guard of Georgia. On November 29, 1917, he successfully commanded a famous raid on the Tiflis military arsenal guarded by the pro-Bolshevik Russian soldiers. In May 1918, he was reluctant to support the proclamation of Georgia's independence, but still retained his post. As a commander of the People's Guard, he was commonly assigned to retain an internal order in the country. Durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen F
Stephen or Steven is a common English given name, first name. It is particularly significant to Christianity, Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or "protomartyr") of the Christian Church. In English, Stephen is most commonly pronounced as ' (). The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie (given name), Stevie. The spelling as Stephen can also be pronounced which is from the Greek original version, Stephanos. In English, the female version of the name is Stephanie. Many surnames are derived from the first name, including Template:Stephen-surname, Stephens, Stevens, Stephenson, and Stevenson, all of which mean "Stephen's (son)". In modern times the name has sometimes been given with intentionally non-standard spelling, such as Stevan or Stevon. A common variant of the name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiflis
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tiflis was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the northern and the southern parts of the Caucasus. Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtskheta
Mtskheta ( ka, მცხეთა, tr ) is a city in Mtskheta-Mtianeti province of Georgia. It is one of the oldest cities in Georgia as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World. Itis located approximately north of Tbilisi, at the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers. Currently a small provincial capital, for nearly a millennium until the 5th century AD, Mtskheta was a large fortified city, a significant economical and political centre of the Kingdom of Iberia. Due to the historical significance of the town and its several outstanding churches and cultural monuments, the "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta" became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. As the birthplace and one of the most vibrant centers of Christianity in Georgia, Mtskheta was declared as the "Holy City" by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2014. In 2016 the Historical Monuments of Mtskheta were placed by UNESCO under Enhanced Protection, a mechanism established by the 1999 Seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shio-Mgvime Monastery
The Shio-Mgvime Monastery ( ka, შიომღვიმე, , literally meaning "the cave of Shio") is a medieval monastic complex in Georgia, near the town of Mtskheta. It is located in a narrow limestone canyon on the northern bank of the Kura River, some from Tbilisi, Georgia's capital. The Shio-Mgvime complex According to a historic tradition, the first monastic community at this place was founded by the 6th-century monk Shio, one of the Thirteen Assyrian Fathers who came to Georgia as Christian missionaries. St. Shio is said to have spent his last years as a hermit in a deep cave near Mtskheta subsequently named ("the Cave of Shio") after him. The earliest building – the Monastery of St. John the Baptist – a cruciform church, very plain and strict in its design, indeed dates to that time, , and the caves curved by monks are still visible around the monastery and along the road leading to the complex. The church has an octagonal dome covered with a conic floor and on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiatura
Chiatura () is a city in the Imereti region of Western Georgia. In 1989, it had a population of about 30,000. The city is known for its system of cable cars connecting the city's center to the mining settlements on the surrounding hills. The city is located inland, in a mountain valley on the banks of the Qvirila River. Geography and history 280px, Mining area in Chiatura In 1879 the Georgian poet Akaki Tsereteli explored the area in search of manganese and iron ores, discovering deposits in the area. After other intense explorations it was discovered that there are several layers of commercially exploitable manganese oxide, peroxide and carbonate with thickness varying between and . The state set up the JSC Chiaturmanganese company to manage and exploit the huge deposit. The gross-balance of workable manganese ores of all commercial categories is estimated as 239 million tonnes, which include manganese oxide ores (41.6%), carbonate ores (39%), and peroxide ores (19%). In ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostom Muskhelishvili
Rostam or Rustam or Rostom ( fa, رستم) is a name referring to the Persian mythical hero Rostam who was immortalized by the poet Ferdowsi in the ''Shahnameh'' (''Book of Kings''). It has been commonly used as a male Persian given name, and may refer to the following people: Given name * Rostam Farrokhzād, An ancient Persian nobleman and army chief * Rostom of Abkhazia, ruler of the Principality of Abkhazia * Rostom Aramovic Alagian (1916–2009), Georgian musician * Rustam Asildarov (born 1981), leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Caucasus Province * Rostam Aziz (born 1960), Tanzanian politician and businessman * Rostom Bagdasarian (1919–1972), American artist and record producer * Rostam Bastuni (1923–1994), first Israeli-Arab politician * Rostam Batmanglij (born 1983), American music producer and multi-instrumentalist * Rustam Effendi (1903–1979), Indonesian writer and member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands * Rustam Emomali (1987 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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