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Démosthènes Pétrus Calixte
Démosthènes Pétrus Calixte ( – unknown) was a Haitian conservative noirist politician and military figure who led the Garde d'Haïti. In 1937, Calixte became involved in political chaos, where officers within the Garde tried to overthrow president Sténio Vincent and replace him with Calixte. This led to the replacement of Calixte, who fled to the Dominican Republic. Upon his return in the 1940s, Calixte was made a presidential candidate by the Mouvement Ouvriers et Paysans in 1946. However, he lost the election to Dumarsais Estimé. Career in the Garde Calixte signed onto the Garde d'Haïti in 1915 as a private, rising in the ranks until he reached the rank of major. During his military career, he trained under the United States Marine Corps (USMC). As a major in December 1930, the US gave him one out of the five military departments of the Garde as part of the process of Haitianization within the Garde, as they were withdrawing from their occupation of Haiti. On 1 August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noirism
Noirism (Haitian Creole: Noirisme) is one of the main political and cultural movements which developed in Haiti after the end of U.S occupation. It built off of the movement which called for greater incorporation of local, Haitian culture into social and political life. Advocates of Noirisme, otherwise known as the Noiristes, believed that the most basic problem in Haiti is the rule of a minority, mulatto ruling class that uses the state to oppress the black majority and to maintain power. The Noiristes played a prominent role in shaping Haitian politics following the left-wing overthrow of President Élie Lescot. Their influence ultimately culminated into the election of Dumarsais Estimé as president in 1946, and the election of François Duvalier as president in 1957. Noirisme was then used during the Duvalier era to maintain support and legitimacy during an era of heavy repression. Background In response to the occupation which lasted twenty years, intellectuals began to cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Trujillo
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina ( , ; 24 October 189130 May 1961), nicknamed ''El Jefe'' (, "The Chief" or "The Boss"), was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman under presidents.Rafael Estrella from 3 March 1930 to 16 August 1930; Jacinto Peynado from 16 August 1938 to 7 March 1940; Manuel Troncoso from 7 March 1940 to 18 May 1942; Héctor Trujillo from 16 August 1952 to 3 August 1960; JoaquÃn Balaguer from 3 August 1960 until 16 January 1962, 8 months after Trujillo's death His rule of 31 years, known to Dominicans as the Trujillo Era ( es, El Trujillato, links=no or ''La Era de Trujillo''), is considered one of the bloodiest and most corrupt regimes in the Western hemisphere, and centered around a personality cult of the ruling family. Trujillo's security forces, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930s In Haiti
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Commanders-in-chief Of The Armed Forces Of Haiti
This article lists the commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti (french: Forces Armées d'Haïti—FAd'H), from the end of the U.S. occupation in 1934 through the disbandment of the FAd'H in 1995, during the Operation Uphold Democracy, until the reinstatement of the FAd'H in 2017. Officeholders Commanders of the Guard of Haiti Chiefs of the General Staff of the Army Commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti , -style="text-align:center;" , colspan=8, ''Armed Forces disbanded''(20 February 1995 – 17 November 2017) , - Timeline ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:10 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:160 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1934 till:2025 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1935 Define $now = 2022 Colors = id:cgh value:rgb(0,0,0) legend: CGH id:cgsa value:rgb(0,0,1) legend: CGSA id:cinc value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: CINC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orme Wilson Jr
Orme may refer to: Places United Kingdom * Great Orme and Little Orme, two headlands overlooking Llandudno Bay in Wales United States * Orme, Maryland, an unincorporated community in Prince George's County * Orme, Tennessee, a town in Marion County * The Orme School of Arizona, a private school in Mayer, Arizona Quebec (Canada) * Rivière aux Ormes, in Lotbinière Regional County Municipality, Chaudière-Appalaches * Rivière à l'Orme, a tributary of lac des Deux Montagnes on Montreal Island Other uses * Orme (name), with a list of people named Orme * Orme's Law, a rule for assessing power requirements for radio controlled models * Le Orme, an Italian progressive rock band * Orme (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse See also * Orm (other) Orm (in Old Norse and in modern Danish, Swedish, Norwegian (bokmål and nynorsk) the word for "snake", "worm" or "dragon") became an Anglo-Saxon personal name during period of the Danelaw. Orm may also refer to: * Orm or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Duvalier
François Duvalier (; 14 April 190721 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician of French Martiniquan descent who served as the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. He was elected president in the 1957 general election on a populist and black nationalist platform. After thwarting a military coup d'état in 1958, his regime rapidly became more autocratic and despotic. An undercover government death squad, the Tonton Macoute ( ht, Tonton Makout), indiscriminately killed Duvalier's opponents; the Tonton Macoute was thought to be so pervasive that Haitians became highly fearful of expressing any form of dissent, even in private. Duvalier further sought to solidify his rule by incorporating elements of Haitian mythology into a personality cult. Prior to his rule, Duvalier was a physician by profession. He graduated from the Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Michigan on a scholarship that was meant to train Black doctors from the Caribbean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince ( , ; ht, Pòtoprens ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,311 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defined by the IHSI as including the communes of Port-au-Prince, Delmas, Cite Soleil, Tabarre, Carrefour and Pétion-Ville. The city of Port-au-Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the TaÃno. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheater; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Fignolé
Pierre-Eustache Daniel Fignolé (; November 11, 1913 – August 27, 1986) was a Haitian politician who became Haiti's provisional head of state for three weeks in 1957. He was one of the most influential leaders in the pre-Duvalier era, a liberal labor organizer in Port-au-Prince so popular among urban workers that he could call upon them at a moment's notice to hold mass protests, known as ""— Haitian Creole for "steamroller." Early life Fignolé was born in the coastal town of Pestel to an impoverished family and moved to Port-au-Prince in 1927 at age 14 to seek education and work. Despite constant ill health because of chronic malnutrition, he excelled in school and was accepted to one of the city's most prestigious institutions. He made a living tutoring the children of Haiti's wealthy elite. Political career Fignolé co-founded in 1942 a newspaper called ''Chantiers'' with a liberal ''noiriste'' political slant. In it he lambasted Haïtï's mulatto elite for their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franck Lavaud
Franck Lavaud (February 16, 1903 – February 27, 1988) was a Haitian general and politician who was an acting head of state during two terms: from January 11, 1946 until August 16, 1946 and from May 10, 1950 until December 6, 1950. Both times he led a military junta along with Paul Magloire and Antoine Levelt. Biography Lavaud served as Commander of the Garde d'Haiti, the military of Haiti, starting in 1944. Haiti's President at the time was Élie Lescot, a member of the mulatto elite. Despite popular support early in his regime, repression and the exposure of ties with Dominican President Rafael Trujillo caused Lescot's reputation to fall. Crucially, Lescot had poor relations with the Garde, which was predominantly black. In late 1945, an anti-Lescot student newspaper called ''La Ruche'' published its first issue in Port-au-Prince. The newspaper eschewed race-based politics and equated Lescot with Mussolini. Because the students offered recitations in the vernacular language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élie Lescot
Antoine Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot (December 9, 1883 – October 20, 1974) was the President of Haiti from May 15, 1941 to January 11, 1946. He was a member of the country's mixed-race elite. He used the political climate of World War II to sustain his power and ties to the United States, Haiti's powerful northern neighbor. His administration presided over a period of economic downturn and harsh political repression of dissidents. Early life Lescot was born in Saint-Louis-du-Nord to a middle-class mixed-race family, descended from free persons of color in the colonial era. He traveled to Port-au-Prince to study pharmacy after completing his secondary education in Cap-Haïtien. He settled in Port-de-Paix to work in the export-import business. After his first wife died in 1911, Lescot entered politics. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies two years later. After a four-year stay in France during the United States occupation of Haiti (1915 to 1934), he returned and held po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules André (Haitian General)
Jules André (1807–1869) was a French painter. André was born in Paris in 1807, studied under André Jolivard and Louis Étienne Watelet, and became a landscape painter of merit. He travelled in Belgium, the south of France, and the Rhine country; and he was also employed at the porcelain manufactory at Sèvres. André painted in a manner halfway between the style of the old French classic landscape painters and that of the modern school. He executed several decorative panels in the new Louvre Palace, and in the Hôtel d'Albe. He obtained a second-class medal in 1835, and the decoration of the Légion d'honneur in 1853. He died at Paris in 1869. The Galleries of the Luxembourg and Lille possess paintings by him. His son, Edmond Maethe Alphonse André (1844–1877), who studied under him, and with Isidore Pils, became a genre painter Genre painting (or petit genre), a form of genre art, depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
