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Drosophila Immigrans Species Group
The ''Drosophila immigrans'' species group is a polyphyletic and speciose lineage of ''Drosophila'' flies, including over 100 species. Immigrans species belong to the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila. Well-described species include ''Drosophila immigrans'', and the sister species ''Drosophila albomicans'' and ''Drosophila nasuta''. The genome of ''D. albomicans'' was sequenced in 2012 in an effort to characterize novel sex chromosome development in ''D. albomicans''. Immigrans group species are related to mushroom-breeding Drosophila of the Quinaria A quinaria (plural: quinariae) is a Roman unit of area, roughly equal to . Its primary use was to measure the cross-sectional area of pipes in Roman water distribution systems. A "one quinaria" pipe is in diameter. In Roman times, there was c ... and Testacea species groups. Subgroups The Immigrans species group can be further divided into four subgroups: * Immigrans subgroup: includes '' D. immigra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Immigrans
''Drosophila immigrans'' is a species of vinegar fly in the family Drosophilidae. ''Drosophila immigrans'' is a member of the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila. It is related to the '' Drosophila quinaria'' and ''Drosophila testacea ''Drosophila testacea'' is a member of the ''testacea'' species group of '' Drosophila''. Testacea species are specialist fruit flies that breed on the fruiting bodies of mushrooms. ''Drosophila testacea'' can be found in temperate regions of E ...'' species groups, and the fellow Immigrans species group member '' Drosophila albomicans''. ''Drosophila immigrans'' has been used in evolutionary studies to understand how viruses evolve with their hosts. Gallery File: Dimm f3.tif File: Dimm f4.tif File: Fruit Fly (Drosophila immigrans) (13114869053).jpg File: Fruit fly Drosphila immigrans (37911683846).jpg References Further reading * External links * immigrans Articles created by Qbugbot Insects describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immigrans-tripunctata Radiation
The immigrans-tripunctata radiation is a speciose lineage of ''Drosophila'' flies, including over 300 species. The immigrans-tripunctata radiation is a sister lineage to most other members of the subgenus Drosophila. A number of species have had their genomes or transcriptomes sequenced for evolutionary studies using ''Drosophila''. Species groups The following species groups and numbers largely derive from O'Grady (2018). * Immigrans species group (106 species) * Tripunctata species group (83 species) * Quinaria species group (35 species) * Guarani species group (24 species) * Cardini species group (16 species) * Calloptera species group (8 species) * Bizonata species group (7 species) * Funebris species group (7 species) * Testacea species group (4 species) Sequenced genomes or transcriptomes The following species have extensive genetic sequence data available. '' ast updated: 24 August 2019' Quinaria species group * ''Drosophila guttifera'' * ''Drosophila innubila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Testacea Species Group
The ''Drosophila testacea'' species group belongs to the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila, and contains 4 species: '' Drosophila putrida'', ''Drosophila neotestacea'', ''Drosophila testacea'', and '' Drosophila orientacea''.Grimaldi, James, and Jaenike. 1992. Systematics and Modes of Reproductive Isolation in the Holarctic Drosophila testacea Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae). https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/85/6/671/2759036 Testacea species are specialist mushroom-feeding flies, and can metabolize toxic compounds in ''Amanita'' mushrooms. The Testacea species group is studied for its specialist ecology, population genetics, and bacterial endosymbionts. The North American species ''Drosophila neotestacea'' is perhaps the best-studied of the group for its interactions with parasitic wasps and nematodes, bacterial endosymbionts, and trypanosomatid parasites. Of note, selfish X chromosomes (a form of meiotic drive) have been discovered in three o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Quinaria Species Group
The ''Drosophila quinaria'' species group is a speciose lineage of mushroom-feeding flies studied for their specialist ecology, their parasites, population genetics, and the evolution of immune systems. Quinaria species are part of the Drosophila subgenus. Mushroom-feeding ecology Quinaria group species are commonly found on wild mushrooms, and can metabolize toxic compounds in ''Amanita'' mushrooms, such as ibotenic acid and alpha-amanitin. Mushroom sites also host a number of natural enemies. For instance, as a consequence of their mushroom-feeding ecology, Quinaria species are frequently infected by nematodes of the genus '' Howardula''. Some Quinaria species are more or less susceptible to nematode parasitization, though the immunological reasons remain unclear. One possibility to explain this variance is differences in defensive bacterial symbionts. However another could be natural resource use, as most eukaryotes are unable to withstand the toxins in ''Amanita'' mushroo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom-breeding Drosophila
Mushroom-feeding ''Drosophila'' (mycophagous ''Drosophila'') are a subset of ''Drosophila'' flies that have highly specific mushroom-breeding ecologies. Often these flies can tolerate toxic compounds from ''Amanita'' mushrooms. Species groups * ''Drosophila testacea'' species group * ''Drosophila quinaria'' species group * ''Drosophila bizonata'' species group * Some members of the ''Drosophila obscura'' species group Sequenced genomes or transcriptomes * ''Drosophila guttifera'' * ''Drosophila neotestacea'' * ''Drosophila innubila'' * ''Drosophila falleni'' * ''Drosophila phalerata'' Gallery File: Dneo f3.tif , '' D. neotestacea'' ( Testacea species group) File: Dtestacea male 2-4.tif , '' D. testacea'' ( Testacea species group) File: Dinnubila4.tif , '' D. innubila'' (Quinaria species group) File:Dguttifera.tif, ''Drosophila guttifera'' (Quinaria species group) Dphalerata male.tif, ''Drosophila phalerata'' (Quinaria species group) File:Drosophila falleni infected wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Nasuta
''Drosophila'' () is a genus of fly, flies, belonging to the family (biology), family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a related family, which are also called fruit flies (sometimes referred to as "true fruit flies"); tephritids feed primarily on unripe or ripe fruit, with many species being regarded as destructive agricultural pests, especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. One species of ''Drosophila'' in particular, ''Drosophila melanogaster, D. melanogaster'', has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology. The terms "fruit fly" and "''Drosophila''" are often used synonymously with ''D. melanogaster'' in modern biological literature. The entire genus, however, contains more than 1,500 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Albomicans
''Drosophila albomicans'' is a species of vinegar fly in the family Drosophilidae. ''Drosophila albomicans'' is a member of the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila. The ''D. albomicans'' genome was first sequenced in 2012 to study the evolution of novel sex chromosomes, a characteristic this species is best known for. One commonly accepted definition of the biological species concept is that individuals or populations are members of different species if they are incapable of successful interbreeding. While ''D. albomicans'' and ''Drosophila nasuta'' are commonly referred to as distinct species, there appears to be little to no sexual isolation between these two ''Drosophila'' species. Instead, behavioural differences appear to reproductively isolate these two species. The Immigrans species group (to which ''D. albomicans'' belongs) is related to the ''Drosophila quinaria'' and ''Drosophila testacea'' species groups. The related species ''Drosophila immigr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila (subgenus)
''Drosophila'' is a paraphyletic subgenus of the genus ''Drosophila'', a classification of fruit flies. This subgenus was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939.Sturtevant, A. H. (1939)On the subdivision of the genus ''Drosophila'' ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. 25, 137–141. Members of the subgenus Drosophila can be distinguished from other Drosophilid species by breaks in the pigmentation along the dorsal section of their abdomen. Phylogeny Most species are within three major groups, the ''virilis-repleta'' radiation, the ''immigrans-tripunctata'' radiation and the Hawaiian Drosophila. Additionally, several smaller species groups are recognized consisting of smaller numbers of species, like the ''tumiditarsus'' species group and the ''polychaeta'' species group. Gallery File:Drosophila immigrans side on (14412343468).jpg, '' D. immigrans'' ( ''immigrans'' species group) File:Dinnubila4.tif, '' D. innubila'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila
''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a related family, which are also called fruit flies (sometimes referred to as "true fruit flies"); tephritids feed primarily on unripe or ripe fruit, with many species being regarded as destructive agricultural pests, especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. One species of ''Drosophila'' in particular, ''D. melanogaster'', has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology. The terms "fruit fly" and "''Drosophila''" are often used synonymously with ''D. melanogaster'' in modern biological literature. The entire genus, however, contains more than 1,500 species and is very diverse in appearance, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Subgroups
In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While older approaches to taxonomic classification were phenomenological, forming groups on the basis of similarities in appearance, organic structure and behaviour, methods based on genetic analysis have opened the road to cladistics. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank of any ''species'' and the description of its ''genus'' is ''basic''; which means that to identify a particular organism, it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these first two. Consider a particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Trilimbata
''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. They should not be confused with the Tephritidae, a related family, which are also called fruit flies (sometimes referred to as "true fruit flies"); tephritids feed primarily on unripe or ripe fruit, with many species being regarded as destructive agricultural pests, especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. One species of ''Drosophila'' in particular, ''D. melanogaster'', has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology. The terms "fruit fly" and "''Drosophila''" are often used synonymously with ''D. melanogaster'' in modern biological literature. The entire genus, however, contains more than 1,500 species and is very diverse in appearance, beha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
