|
Distributed Transaction Processing
A distributed transaction operates within a distributed environment, typically involving multiple nodes across a network depending on the location of the data. A key aspect of distributed transactions is atomicity, which ensures that the transaction is completed in its entirety or not executed at all. It's essential to note that distributed transactions are not limited to databases. The Open Group, a vendor consortium, proposed the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model (X/Open XA), which became a de facto standard for the behavior of transaction model components. Databases are common transactional resources and, often, transactions span a couple of such databases. In this case, a distributed transaction can be seen as a database transaction that must be synchronized (or provide ACID properties) among multiple participating databases which are distributed among different physical locations. The isolation property (the I of ACID) poses a special challenge for multi da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another in order to achieve a common goal. Three significant challenges of distributed systems are: maintaining concurrency of components, overcoming the lack of a global clock, and managing the independent failure of components. When a component of one system fails, the entire system does not fail. Examples of distributed systems vary from SOA-based systems to microservices to massively multiplayer online games to peer-to-peer applications. Distributed systems cost significantly more than monolithic architectures, primarily due to increased needs for additional hardware, servers, gateways, firewalls, new subnets, proxies, and so on. Also, distributed systems are prone to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Correctness (computer Science)
In theoretical computer science, an algorithm is correct with respect to a program specification, specification if it behaves as specified. Best explored is ''functional'' correctness, which refers to the input–output behavior of the algorithm: for each input it produces an output satisfying the specification. Within the latter notion, ''partial correctness'', requiring that ''if'' an answer is returned it will be correct, is distinguished from ''total correctness'', which additionally requires that an answer ''is'' eventually returned, i.e. the algorithm terminates. Correspondingly, to mathematical proof, prove a program's total correctness, it is sufficient to prove its partial correctness, and its termination. The latter kind of proof (termination proof) can never be fully automated, since the halting problem is undecidable problem, undecidable. For example, successively searching through integers 1, 2, 3, … to see if we can find an example of some phenomenon—say an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enduro/X
Enduro/X is an open-source middleware platform for distributed transaction processing. It is built on proven APIs such as X/Open group's XATMI and XA. The platform is designed for building real-time microservices based applications with a clusterization option. Enduro/X functions as an extended drop-in replacement for Oracle Tuxedo. The platform uses in-memory POSIX message queues which insures high inter-process communication throughput. Services The platform allows runtime system patching, without service interruption. The system monitors running processes, and restarts them after a crash or hang. System configuration can be dynamically reloaded and it provides a cluster facility, allowing two or more instances to be joined in peer-to-peer manner. Enduro/X is written in C and provides native APIs for C/ C++. Mavimax provides bindings are provided for Go, Java programming languages. Community provides bindings for Python, PHP and Perl. Thus effectively Enduro/X may be u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java Transaction API
The Jakarta Transactions (JTA; formerly Java Transaction API), one of the Jakarta EE APIs, enables distributed transactions to be done across multiple X/Open XA resources in a Java environment. JTA was a specification developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 907. JTA provides for: *demarcation of transaction boundaries * X/Open XA API allowing resources to participate in transactions. X/Open XA architecture In the X/Open XA architecture, a transaction manager or transaction processing monitor (TP monitor) coordinates the transactions across multiple resources such as databases and message queues. Each resource has its own resource manager. The resource manager typically has its own API for manipulating the resource, for example the JDBC API to work with relational databases. In addition, the resource manager allows a TP monitor to coordinate a distributed transaction between its own and other resource managers. Finally, there is the application which communicates with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Message Queue
In computer science, message queues and mailboxes are software-engineering components typically used for inter-process communication (IPC), or for inter- thread communication within the same process. They use a queue for messaging – the passing of control or of content. Group communication systems provide similar kinds of functionality. The message queue paradigm is a sibling of the publisher/subscriber pattern, and is typically one part of a larger message-oriented middleware system. Most messaging systems support both the publisher/subscriber and message queue models in their API, e.g. Java Message Service (JMS). Competing Consumers pattern enables multiple concurrent consumers to process messages on the same message queue. Remit and ownership Message queues implement an asynchronous communication pattern between two or more processes/threads whereby the sending and receiving party do not need to interact with the message queue at the same time. Messages placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Request–response
In computer science, request–response or request–reply is one of the basic methods computers use to communicate with each other in a network, in which the first computer sends a ''request'' for some data and the second ''responds'' to the request. More specifically, it is a message exchange pattern in which a requestor sends a request message to a replier system, which receives and processes the request, ultimately returning a message in response. It is analogous to a telephone call, in which the caller must wait for the recipient to pick up before anything can be discussed. This is a simple but powerful messaging pattern which allows two applications to have a two-way conversation with one another over a channel; it is especially common in client–server architectures.Hohpe, Gregor. ''Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions''. . p. 184 Request–response pattern can be implemented synchronously (such as web service calls o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synchronization (computer Science)
In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement or commit to a certain sequence of action. Motivation The need for synchronization does not arise merely in multi-processor systems but for any kind of concurrent processes; even in single processor systems. Mentioned below are some of the main needs for synchronization: '' Forks and Joins:'' When a job arrives at a fork point, it is split into N sub-jobs which are then serviced by n tasks. After being serviced, each sub-job waits until all other sub-jobs are done processing. Then, they are joined again and leave the system. Thus, parallel programming requires synchronization as all the parallel processes wait for several other processes to occur. '' Producer-Consumer:'' In a producer-consumer relationship, the consumer process is dependent on the producer process until the necessary data has been produced. ''Exclusiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Event-driven Architecture
Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a software architecture paradigm concerning the production and detection of Event (computing), events. Event-driven architectures are Continuous design, evolutionary in nature and provide a high degree of fault tolerance, performance, and scalability. However, they are complex and inherently challenging to Software testing, test. EDAs are good for complex and dynamic workloads. Overview An ''even'' can be defined as "a significant change in state (computer science), state". For example, when a consumer purchases a car, the car's state changes from "for sale" to "sold". A car dealer's system architecture may treat this state change as an event whose occurrence can be made known to other applications within the architecture. From a formal perspective, what is produced, published, propagated, detected or consumed is a (typically asynchronous) message called the event notification, and not the event itself, which is the state change that triggered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft Transaction Server
Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) was software that provided services to Component Object Model (COM) software components, to make it easier to create large distributed applications. The major services provided by MTS were automated transaction management, instance management (or ''just-in-time activation'') and role-based security. MTS is considered to be the first major software to implement aspect-oriented programming. MTS was first offered in the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack. In Windows 2000, MTS was enhanced and better integrated with the operating system and COM, and was renamed COM+. COM+ added object pooling, loosely-coupled events and user-defined simple transactions (compensating resource managers) to the features of MTS. COM+ is still provided with Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008, and the Microsoft .NET Framework provides a wrapper for COM+ in the EnterpriseServices namespace. The Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) provides a way of calling COM+ ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterprise Java Beans
Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB; formerly Enterprise JavaBeans) is one of several Java APIs for modular construction of enterprise software. EJB is a server-side software component that encapsulates business logic of an application. An EJB web container provides a runtime environment for web related software components, including computer security, Java servlet lifecycle management, transaction processing, and other web services. The EJB specification is a subset of the Jakarta EE specification. Specification The EJB specification was originally developed in 1997 by IBM and later adopted by Sun Microsystems (EJB 1.0 and 1.1) in 1999 and enhanced under the Java Community Process aJSR 19(EJB 2.0)JSR 153(EJB 2.1)JSR 220(EJB 3.0)JSR 318(EJB 3.1) anJSR 345(EJB 3.2). The EJB specification provides a standard way to implement the server-side (also called " back-end") 'business' software typically found in enterprise applications (as opposed to 'front-end' user interface software). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compensating Transaction
Compensation may refer to: *Financial compensation Financial compensation refers to the act of providing a person with money or other things of economic value in exchange for their goods, labor, or to provide for the costs of injuries that they have incurred. The aim of financial compensation ... * Compensation (chess), various advantages a player has in exchange for a disadvantage * ''Compensation'' (essay), by Ralph Waldo Emerson * ''Compensation'' (film), a 1999 film * Compensation (psychology) * Biological compensation, the characteristic pattern of bending of the plant or mushroom stem after turning from the normal vertical position * Tuning compensation in brass instruments *''Compensation'', a specific form of camouflaging in autistic people See also *"Compensating", a song by Aminé from his 2020 album ''Limbo'' {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Services
A web service (WS) is either: * a service offered by an electronic device to another electronic device, communicating with each other via the Internet, or * a server running on a computer device, listening for requests at a particular port over a network, serving web documents (HTML, JSON, XML, images). In a web service, a web technology such as HTTP is used for transferring machine-readable file formats such as XMLHttpRequest, XML and JSON. In practice, a web service commonly provides an Object database, object-oriented web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another web server, or by a Mobile app development, mobile app, that provides a user interface to the end-user. Many organizations that provide data in formatted HTML pages will also provide that data on their server as XML or JSON, often through a Web service to allow Web syndication, syndication. Another application offered to the end-user may be a Mashup (web application hybrid), mashup, where a W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
