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Diarchy In Bombay Presidency
Diarchy was established in Bombay Presidency based on the recommendations of the Montague-Chelmsford report. It ended with the election in 1937 when the Government of India Act 1935 came into effect. Government of India Act of 1919 Government of India Act of 1919 enlarged the provincial legislative councils and increased the strength of elected members to be greater than that of nominated and official members. It introduced a system of dyarchy in the Provinces. Although this Act brought about representative Government in India, the Governor was empowered with overriding powers. It classified the subjects as belonging to either the Centre or the Provinces. The Governor General could override any law passed by the Provincial councils. It brought about the concept of "Partial Responsible Government" in the provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two categories - reserved and transferred. Education, Sanitation, Local self-government, Agriculture and Industries were listed as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diarchy
Diarchy (from Greek , ''di-'', "double", and , ''-arkhía'', "ruled"),Occasionally misspelled ''dyarchy'', as in the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on the colonial British institution duarchy, or duumvirate (from Latin ', "the office of the two men"). is a form of government characterized by corule, with two people ruling a polity together either lawfully or ''de facto'', by collusion and force. The leaders of such a system are usually known as corulers. Historically, ''diarchy'' particularly referred to the system of shared rule in British India established by the Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, which devolved some powers to local councils, which had included native Indian representation under the Indian Councils Act 1892. 'Duumvirate' principally referred to the offices of the various duumviri established by the Roman Republic. Both, along with less common synonyms such as biarchy and tandemocracy, are now used more generally to refer to any system of joint ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Govind Balvant Pradhan
Govind may refer to: *An alternate spelling of Govinda, which is a name in Hinduism given to the god Krishna. It means "cowherd." *The name Govind is commonly used in Sikhism to refer to God. It is derived from "Gobinda" which means Preserver of the World in Gurmukhi. In the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Scripture there are many reference of this word. One example is: "''Every day, hour and moment, I continually sing and speak of Govind, Govind, the Lord of the Universe. , , 1, , ''"Guru Granth Sahib Page 404. *Govind is sometime the name used to refer to the Tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Although, this is more commonly written as ' Gobind'. The Dasam Granth, which is the second Sikh Scripture written by the Tenth Guru, has two references to 'Govind': **On Page 643, Line 3: "''O Lord! I have forsaken all other doors and have caught hold of only Thy door. O Lord! Thou has caught hold of my arm; I, Govind, am Thy serf Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feuda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav
Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav (17 June 1867 – 26 June 1950) was an Indian politician, social reformer, and leader of the Satyashodhak Samaj, Non-Brahmin movement and the co-operative movement. Bhaskarrao Jadhav started his career as an administrator in the Kolhapur princely state in 1895. He worked as the Superintendent or administrator of Kolhapur municipality from 1904 to 1918. Jadhav was nominated to the Bombay Legislative Council in 1922 and subsequently elected to the Council twice from Satara constituency in 1923 and 1926. Under the system of diarchy in Bombay Presidency, he served as a Minister of Education from 1923 to 1927 and Minister of Forest, Excise & Agriculture from 1928 to 1930. In 1930, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly. He represented the Justice Party at the Round Table Conference The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–1932 were a series of peace conferences organized by the British Government and Indian political personalities to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siddappa Totappa Kambli
Sir Siddappa Totappa Kambli (born 1882) was an Indian politician from Hubli. Kambli was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council and was elected as its Deputy President. Under the system of dyarchy, he served as a minister of agriculture from 1930 to 1934 and minister of education from 1932 to 1937. After the provincial elections of 1937, a government was formed under Dhanjishah Cooper where Kambli was made minister for Education, Excise & Agriculture. As a minister of education, Kambli was responsible for the establishment of Karnatak University in Dharwad. After independence of India, Kambli joined the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party. He also played a role in the unification of Karnataka The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka (then named Mysore State) in 1956 when several Indian states were created by redrawing borders based on linguistic demographics. Decades earlier, during Brit .... References 1882 births Year of dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafiuddin Ahmed
Moulvi Sir Rafiuddin Ahmed (1865–1954) was an Indian Muslim barrister, journalist and politician. He was generally known as ''the Moulvi''.''The Times'', 25 March 1954, p. 10, col. E He was educated at Deccan College, Pune, and King's College London. In 1892, he became a barrister-at-law in the Middle Temple. He was a close friend of Abdul Karim (the Munshi), the Indian secretary of Queen Victoria. Victoria was instrumental in involving Ahmed in diplomatic approaches to Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire in the late 1890s, and unsuccessfully suggested that he be appointed to the British embassy in Constantinople. He was a prominent member of the Muslim Patriotic League, and under the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, which introduced greater self-government to British India, he was elected to the council of the Bombay Presidency. In 1928, he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and then as Minister of Education where he served till 1934. For his work in government, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi
Sir Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi was an Indian politician, educationist, Muslim reformist and a leader in the Pakistan Movement and a Muslim reformist. Early life Dehlavi was born in 1876, to Khan Bahadur Khan. Dehlavi himself had six sons and one daughter. Saadullah Khan Dehlavi, Samiullah Khan Dehlavi, Asadullah Khan Dehlavi, Habibullah Khan Dehlavi, Sikandaruallh Khan Dehlavi, Zareena Khanum Dehlavi and Sultan Ahmed Khan Dehlavi. Samiullah Khan Dehlavi, later rose up to become Ambassador of Pakistan to several countries and the Foreign Minister of Pakistan. Although he spent most of his life in Bombay, Dehlavi also went to London for higher education during his early adulthood. He returned to India from Britain in 1896, to set up a law firm in Gujarat, Punjab. In 1900 he moved his practice to Hyderabad, Sind, and continued it for the next eight years. Educational work Dehlavi started various literary publications, including an Anglo-Indian publication called "Al-Haq", which was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Cowasji Jehangir, 2nd Baronet
Sir Cowasji Jehangir, 2nd Baronet, (16 February 1879 – 17 October 1962) was a prominent member of the Bombay Parsi community. He was the son of Sir Jehangir Cowasji Jehangir Readymoney, 1st Bt. (1853–1934) and grand-nephew of Sir Cowasji Jehangir ''Readymoney'' (1812–1878). He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. Cowasji Jehangir campaigned for a prominent role for the Parsi Zoroastrian community in independent India. He had become a member of the "Western India National Liberation Federation", at its founding in 1919, and was elected its president in 1936 and 1937. He was also active in the reactionary "Parsee Central Committee", which was critical of Congress Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji and Pherozeshah Mehta. At the second "Round Table Conference" in London during 1930–1932, where the framework for the political and constitutional future of India was laid down, he was one of the three political "liberals" to represent the Parsi community. To the Minoritie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad
Sir Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad KCIE (July 1864 – 10 December 1947) was an eminent Indian barrister and jurist who practiced in the Bombay High Court in the early 20th century. Life and background Chimanlal was born in July 1864 at Bharuch, Bharuch district, then in the Bombay Presidency of British India and now part of the state of Gujarat. The eldest of four brothers, he was born into an aristocratic ''Brahmakshatriya'' family which had achieved distinction in the law for the preceding two generations. The surname ''Setalvad'' derives from the family's origins in the Punjab, where their surname was ''Talvad''. Some Talvads who were leaders of their community became known as ''Seth – Talvads'' ("Chiefs of the Talvads") which over time become "Setalvad". In the 18th century, some Setalvads migrated to present-day Gujarat and settled around Surat, serving as paymasters in the imperial Mughal armies. Chimanlal's grandfather, Ambashankar Brijrai Setalvad (1782–1853) worke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhanjishah Cooper
Sir Dhanjishah Bomanji Cooper (2 January 1878 – 29 July 1947) was an Indian Parsi industrialist, politician and the first Prime Minister of Bombay Presidency. Cooper was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1937 New Year Honours. Early life Dhanjishah Cooper was born in a poor Parsi family to Bomanji and Firozabai Cooper. He finished his schooling in a government school in Satara. While working in a paper mill he started a contract business. He started manufacturing iron ploughs in 1922 at Satara and later became a pioneer of diesel engine manufacturing in India. Career Cooper entered public life in 1912 and followed the policy of seeking British support for social reform, agricultural development and industrialisation. In 1920, he joined the Non-Brahmin Party under the leadership of Shahu of Kolhapur and led the party in Satara. Later due to differences among party leaders, he formed his own political group which came to be called as the 'Cooper Party' which mostly consisted of loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah KCSI ( ur, غلام حسین هدايت الله , sd, غلام حسين هدايت الله; January 1879 – 4 October 1948) was a colonial Indian and Pakistani politician from Sindh. He held several offices in Sindh including 1st Chief Minister (1937–1938) and being re-elected as 5th Chief Minister (1942–1947). Early life and education Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah was born in 1879 in Shikarpur, Sindh and received his education from Shikarpur High School, Sindh Madressah, Karachi, D. J. Sindh College, Karachi and Government Law College, Bombay. His son, Anwar Hussain Hidayatullah, was married with Doulat Haroon Hidayatullah, daughter of Abdullah Haroon. Career After completing his LL.B. in 1902, he started his legal practice in Hyderabad Sindh. He started his public career as Vice President of the Hyderabad Municipality. Hidayatullah was also the first Non-official President of the Hyderabad District Board. In 1921 he became a Member of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Rieu
Sir Jean Louis Rieu, KCSI (23 November 1872 – 4 November 1964) was a British administrator in India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he held various appointments in the Bombay Presidency, including service as Commissioner in Sind from 1919 to 1925. Biography Louis Rieu was the son of Charles Pierre Henri Rieu, a Swiss-born orientalist who spent his career in Britain and the grandson of the Swiss soldier and politician Jean-Louis Rieu; his brother was the classicist E. V. Rieu. He was educated at University College School, London, and Balliol College, Oxford. He entered the ICS in 1893 and was posted to the Bombay Presidency. He served successively as assistant collector, collector, and in other capacities in Sind until 1911, when he was appointed Secretary to the Government of Bombay in the General Department. In 1917, he was appointed Collector of Karachi, and in 1918 he became Secretary to the Government of Bombay in the Revenue and Financial Departments. He was Commis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Rahimtoola
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola (May 1862 – June 1942) was an eminent politician and legislator in British India. He served as Mayor of Bombay, Chairman of the Fiscal Commission and later as President of the Central Legislative Assembly. Early life and early career Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola was born in May 1862 in a well known merchant family in Bombay. He studied at the Elphinstone High School and showed aptitude in arithmetics, algebra and geometry. His failure in the matriculation exam of 1877 ended his scholastic career and he joined his father Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy and older brother Muhammad Rahimtoola in business. In 1880, his father died, and brothers were left without much experience in business. Rahimtoola then chose a different career thanks to various changes including the foundation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. Career In 1892 he joined the Mandvi Ward of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He worked in the corporation for 26 years. In 1895 he warned of a plague ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
