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Deuterated Solvents
Deuterated solvents are a group of compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms. These compounds are often used in Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic fie .... Examples * Heavy water * Deuterated acetone * Deuterated benzene * Deuterated chloroform * Deuterated dichloromethane * Deuterated DMF * Deuterated DMSO * Deuterated ethanol * Deuterated methanol * Deuterated THF References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Chloroform
Deuterated chloroform, also known as chloroform-''d'', is the organic compound with the formula C2HCl3 or . Deuterated chloroform is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. The properties of are virtually identical. Preparation Deuterated chloroform is commercially available. It is more easily produced and less expensive than deuterated dichloromethane. Deuterochloroform is produced by the reaction of hexachloroacetone with deuterium oxide, using pyridine as a catalyst. The large difference in boiling points between the starting material and product facilitate purification by distillation. : NMR solvent In proton NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvent (enriched to >99% deuterium) is typically used to avoid recording a large interfering signal or signals from the proton(s) (i.e., hydrogen-1) present in the solvent itself. If nondeuterated chloroform (containing a full equivalent of protium) were used as solvent, the solvent signal would almost certainly overwhelm and obscure a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter.However, most of the universe's mass is not in the form of baryons or chemical elements. See dark matter and dark energy. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterium
Deuterium (or hydrogen-2, symbol or deuterium, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1). The nucleus of a deuterium atom, called a deuteron, contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common protium has no neutrons in the nucleus. Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth's oceans of about one atom of deuterium among all atoms of hydrogen (see heavy water). Thus deuterium accounts for approximately 0.0156% by number (0.0312% by mass) of all the naturally occurring hydrogen in the oceans, while protium accounts for more than 99.98%. The abundance of deuterium changes slightly from one kind of natural water to another (see Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). ( Tritium is yet another hydrogen isotope, with two neutrons, that is far more rare and is radioactive.) The name ''deuterium'' is derived from the Greek , meaning "second", to denote the two particles composing the nucleus. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. The principle of NMR usually involves three sequential steps: # The alignment (polarization) of the magnetic nuclear spins in an applied, constant magnetic field B0. # The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Acetone
Deuterated acetone ((CD3)2CO), also known as Acetone-D6, is a form (called an isotopologue) of acetone (CH3)2CO in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated acetone is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. Properties As with all deuterated compounds, the properties of deuterated acetone are virtually identical to those of regular acetone. Manufacture Deuterated acetone is prepared from heavy water, D2O, by what amounts to an aldol reaction. In this case, the base used is a deuterated version of lithium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Both are available commercially. While ...:P. J. Paulsen, W. D. Cooke. ''. Anal. Chem.'', 1963, 35 (10), pp 1560–1560. DOI: 10.1021/ac60203a072 In order to fully deuterate the acetone, the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Benzene
Deuterated benzene (C6D6) is an isotopologue of benzene (C6H6) in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Properties The properties of deuterated benzene are very similar to those of normal benzene, however, the increased atomic weight of deuterium relative to protium means that the melting point of C6D6 is about 1.3 °C higher than that of the nondeuterated analogue. The boiling points of both compounds, however, are the same: 80 °C. Applications Deuterated benzene is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. It is widely used for taking spectra of organometallic compounds, which often react with the cheaper deuterated chloroform. A slightly more exotic application of C6D6 is in the synthesis of molecules containing a deuterated phenyl group. Deuterated benzene will undergo all the same reactions its normal analogue will, just a little more slowly due to the kinetic isotope effect. For example, deuterated benzene could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Dichloromethane
Deuterated dichloromethane (CD2Cl2) is a form (called an isotopologue) of dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2) in which the hydrogen atoms ("H") are replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated DCM is not a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy as it is expensive compared to deuterated chloroform Deuterated chloroform, also known as chloroform-''d'', is the organic compound with the formula C2HCl3 or . Deuterated chloroform is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. The properties of are virtually identical. Preparation Deuterated ch .... References Deuterated solvents {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated DMF
Deuterated dimethylformamide ((CD3)2NCOD), also known as deuterated DMF, is an isotopologue of DMF ((CH3)2NCOH) in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with a deuterium isotope ("D"). Deuterated DMF is a relatively uncommon solvent used in NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic fi .... References Deuterated solvents {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated DMSO
Deuterated DMSO, also known as dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, is an isotopologue of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2S=O)) with chemical formula ((CD3)2S=O) in which the hydrogen atoms ("H") are replaced with their isotope deuterium ("D"). Deuterated DMSO is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. Production Deuterated DMSO is produced by heating DMSO in heavy water (D2O) with a basic catalyst such as calcium oxide. The reaction does not give complete conversion to the d6 product, and the water produced must be removed and replaced with D2O several times to drive the equilibrium to the fully deuterated product. Use in NMR spectroscopy Pure deuterated DMSO shows no peaks in 1H NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic fi ... and as a result is commonly used as an NMR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Ethanol
Deuterated ethanol (C2D5OD) is a form (called an isotopologue) of ethanol (C2H5OH) in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated ethanol is an uncommon solvent used in NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic fie .... References Deuterated solvents Ethanol {{Organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterated Methanol
Deuterated methanol (CD3OD), is a form (called an isotopologue) of methanol (CH3OH) in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated methanol is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. Deuterated methanol was first detected in interstellar space was Orion-KL in 1988 by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfRA) (German: ''Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie'') is located in Bonn, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). History By com .... References {{List of NMR solvents Deuterated solvents Methanol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
