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Data Sovereignty
Data sovereignty is the idea that data are subject to the laws and governance structures of the nation where they are collected. The concept of data sovereignty is closely linked with data security, cloud computing, network sovereignty and technological sovereignty. Unlike technological sovereignty, which is vaguely defined and can be used as an umbrella term in policymaking, data sovereignty is specifically concerned with questions surrounding the data itself. Data sovereignty as the idea that data is subject to the laws and governance strcutures within one nation is usually discussed in two ways: in relation to Indigenous groups and Indigenous autonomy from post-colonial states or in relation to transnational data flow. With the rise of cloud computing, many countries have passed various laws around control and storage of data, which all reflects measures of data sovereignty. More than 100 countries have some sort of data sovereignty laws in place. With self-sovereign identity (SS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Security
Data security means protecting digital data, such as those in a database, from destructive forces and from the unwanted actions of unauthorized users, such as a cyberattack or a data breach. Technologies Disk encryption Disk encryption refers to encryption technology that encrypts data on a hard disk drive. Disk encryption typically takes form in either software (see disk encryption software) or hardware (see disk encryption hardware). Disk encryption is often referred to as on-the-fly encryption (OTFE) or transparent encryption. Software versus hardware-based mechanisms for protecting data Software-based security solutions encrypt the data to protect it from theft. However, a malicious program or a hacker could corrupt the data to make it unrecoverable, making the system unusable. Hardware-based security solutions prevent read and write access to data, which provides very strong protection against tampering and unauthorized access. Hardware-based security or assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Data Sovereignty
Data governance in the context of Indigenous data involves supporting the data interests, gaps and priorities of Indigenous peoples, in order to enable Indigenous self-determination. Generally, data governance refers to who has ownership, control and access over the use of data. Kukutai, T. and Taylor, J. (eds), Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Towards An Agenda. Australian National University Press, Canberra, p. 154 Indigenous data governance requires the data to surround Indigenous peoples and its purpose to reflect Indigenous needs and priorities, rather than omitting Indigenous peoples in the production of Indigenous data. Overview Indigenous data governance is key in enabling Indigenous self-determinism and rebuilding strong Indigenous nations. Oftentimes, Indigenous peoples do not have access to relevant Indigenous data. Currently in Canada, much information on Indigenous peoples are considered government data that fall under Crown copyright, limiting access to relevant data suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Localization
Data localization or data residency law requires data about a nation's citizens or residents to be collected, processed, and/or stored inside the country, often before being transferred internationally. Such data is usually transferred only after meeting local privacy or data protection laws, such as giving the user notice of how the information will be used and obtaining their consent. Data localization builds upon the concept of data sovereignty that regulates certain data types by the laws applicable to the data subjects or processors. While data sovereignty may require that records about a nation's citizens or residents follow its personal or financial data processing laws, data localization goes a step further in requiring that initial collection, processing, and storage first occur within the national boundaries. In some cases, data about a nation's citizens or residents must also be deleted from foreign systems before being removed from systems in the data subject's nation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Governance
Data governance is a term used on both a macro and a micro level. The former is a political concept and forms part of international relations and Internet governance; the latter is a data management concept and forms part of corporate data governance. Macro level On the macro level, data governance refers to the governing of cross-border data flows by countries, and hence is more precisely called ''international data governance''. This new field consists of "norms, principles and rules governing various types of data." Micro level Here the focus is on an individual company. Here data governance is a data management concept concerning the capability that enables an organization to ensure that high data quality exists throughout the complete lifecycle of the data, and data controls are implemented that support business objectives. The key focus areas of data governance include availability, usability, consistency, data integrity and data security, standard compliance and incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Washington University
, mottoeng = "God is Our Trust" , established = , type = Private federally chartered research university , academic_affiliations = , endowment = $2.8 billion (2022) , president = Mark S. Wrighton , provost = Christopher Bracey , students = 27,159 (2016) , undergrad = 11,244 (2016) , postgrad = 15,486 (2016) , other = 429 (2016) , faculty = 2,663 , city = Washington, D.C. , country = U.S. , campus = Urban, , former_names = Columbian College (1821–1873)Columbian University (1873–1904) , sports_nickname = Colonials , mascot = George , colors = Buff & blue , sporting_affiliations = NCAA Division I – A-10 , website = , free_label = Newspaper , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan Ariel Aaronson
Susan Ariel Aaronson is an American author, public speaker and an academic professor whose works are centred on the relationship between economic change and human rights and more recently focuses on data. She is a research professor at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, where she also founded the Digital Trade and Data Governance Hub of which she is director. Aaronson is also senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation and, previously, served as a fellow of the World Trade Institute during 2008 to 2012. Education Aaronson received her B.A. in history from Binghamton University, graduating'' magna cum laude'' as a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She graduated from Columbia University with an M.I.A. and M.A. in Political Science and International Affairs and from Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Science
Political science (PoliSci) or the academic field of government (GOVT), is the science, scientific study of politics - a social science dealing with the analysis and implementation of systems of governance and its impact on Society, societies. Modern political science can generally be divided into the five sub-disciplines of political philosophy, political methodology, comparative politics, international relations, public policy and public administration. Andres, G. J., & Beecher, J. A. (1989). Applied Political Science: Bridging the Gap or a Bridge Too Far? ''PS: Political Science and Politics'', ''22''(3), 636–639. https://doi.org/10.2307/419633 Other notable subdisciplines are Domestic politics, domestic politics and government, political economy, security studies, social policy, and emergency management, while many more subject-matter areas can be constructed by combining the skills and practices of the other major sub-disciplines at different levels of intensity to solv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economist
An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophy, philosophical theory, theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific Market (economics), markets, macroeconomics, macroeconomic analysis, microeconomics, microeconomic analysis or financial statement analysis, involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics, statistics, Computational economics, economics computational models, financial economics, mathematical finance and mathematical economics. Professions Economists work in many fields including academia, government and in the private sector, where they may also "study data and statistics in order to spot trends in economic activity, economic confidence levels, and consumer attitudes. They assess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Protection Directive
The Data Protection Directive, officially Directive 95/46/EC, enacted in October 1995, is a European Union directive which regulates the processing of personal data within the European Union (EU) and the free movement of such data. The Data Protection Directive is an important component of EU privacy and human rights law. The principles set out in the Data Protection Directive are aimed at the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms in the processing of personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation, adopted in April 2016, superseded the Data Protection Directive and became enforceable on 25 May 2018. Context The right to privacy is a highly developed area of law in Europe. All the member states of the Council of Europe (CoE) are also signatories of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Article 8 of the ECHR provides a right to respect for one's "private and family life, his home and his correspondence", subject to certain restrictions. The European Cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Data Protection Regulation
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. The GDPR's primary aim is to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business. Superseding the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, the regulation contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, formally called "data subjects", who are located in the EEA, and applies to any enterprise—regardless of its location and the data subjects' citizenship or residence—that is processing the personal information of individuals inside the EEA. The GDPR was ado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Security Establishment
The Communications Security Establishment (CSE; french: Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications, ''CST''), formerly (from 2008-2014) called the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), is the Government of Canada's national cryptologic agency. It is responsible for foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications security (COMSEC), protecting federal government electronic information and communication networks, and is the technical authority for cyber security and information assurance. Administered under the Department of National Defence (DND), the CSE is accountable to the Minister of National Defence through its deputy head, the Chief of CSE. The National Defence Minister is in turn accountable to the Cabinet and Parliament. The current Chief of the CSE is Caroline Xavier, who assumed the office on 31 August 2022. The Agency recently built a new headquarters and campus encompassing . The new headquarters totals a little over and is adjacent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shared Services Canada
Shared Services Canada (SSC; french: Services partagés Canada (SPC)) is an agency of the Government of Canada responsible for advancing, consolidating and providing information technology services across federal government departments. It was established in 2011 to combine digital services such as data storage that were at the time duplicated by each agency. Mandate The SSC mandate came into force 4 August 2011 as part of the passage of the ''Shared Services Canada Act'', which established SSC as an agency responsible for consolidating IT Systems across the federal government. The Act provides for a minister to oversee the agency and report to Parliament, currently Filomena Tassi, the Minister of Public Services and Procurement. SSC provides support for 44 separate Departments and Agencies across the Government of Canada. Key initiatives As part of SSC's mandate, a number of key projects were identified in order to consolidate and modernize the Canadian Government's IT infrastru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
