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D'Nealian
The D'Nealian Method (sometimes misspelled ''Denealian''), is a style of writing and teaching handwriting based on Latin script which was developed between 1965 and 1978 by Donald N. Thurber (1927–2020) in Michigan, United States. Building on his experience as a primary school teacher, Thurber aimed to make the transition from print writing to cursive easier for learners. History Donald Neal Thurber (December 15, 1927 in Detroit, Michigan – January 6, 2020 in Monroe, Michigan) received a bachelor's degree from the University of Toledo and a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. He began teaching elementary pupils in Luna Pier in 1953. While teaching first grade in 1961, Thurber examined what he regarded the illogic of handwriting education in the US. From 1965, he developed the D'Nealian Method as an alternative to teaching scripts then available. The name of the D'Nealian Method comes from Thurber's first name contracted with his middle name ("Neal"). Thurber's sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Nealian Cursive
The D'Nealian Method (sometimes misspelled ''Denealian''), is a style of writing and teaching handwriting based on Latin script which was developed between 1965 and 1978 by Donald N. Thurber (1927–2020) in Michigan, United States. Building on his experience as a primary school teacher, Thurber aimed to make the transition from print writing to cursive easier for learners. History Donald Neal Thurber (December 15, 1927 in Detroit, Michigan – January 6, 2020 in Monroe, Michigan) received a bachelor's degree from the University of Toledo and a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. He began teaching elementary pupils in Luna Pier in 1953. While teaching first grade in 1961, Thurber examined what he regarded the illogic of handwriting education in the US. From 1965, he developed the D'Nealian Method as an alternative to teaching scripts then available. The name of the D'Nealian Method comes from Thurber's first name contracted with his middle name ("Neal"). Thurber's sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Nealian Manuscript
The D'Nealian Method (sometimes misspelled ''Denealian''), is a style of writing and teaching handwriting based on Latin script which was developed between 1965 and 1978 by Donald N. Thurber (1927–2020) in Michigan, United States. Building on his experience as a primary school teacher, Thurber aimed to make the transition from print writing to cursive easier for learners. History Donald Neal Thurber (December 15, 1927 in Detroit, Michigan – January 6, 2020 in Monroe, Michigan) received a bachelor's degree from the University of Toledo and a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. He began teaching elementary pupils in Luna Pier in 1953. While teaching first grade in 1961, Thurber examined what he regarded the illogic of handwriting education in the US. From 1965, he developed the D'Nealian Method as an alternative to teaching scripts then available. The name of the D'Nealian Method comes from Thurber's first name contracted with his middle name ("Neal"). Thurber's sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaner-Bloser Method
The Zaner-Bloser (also Zaner-Bloser Method) is a teaching script for handwriting based on Latin script as well as a system of penmanship instruction, which originated around 1904 at the Zanerian College of Penmanship in Columbus, Ohio. Charles P. Zaner (1864–1918) and Elmer W. Bloser (1865–1929), originally a Spencerian Method instructor, developed their teaching script with the aim of allowing learners an easier transition from print writing to cursive. The Zaner-Bloser Method first teaches block letters and then cursive in order to enable written expression as quickly as possible and thus develop the ability to write. Material relating to the method of instruction practised by Zaner and Bloser is still being published by the Zaner-Bloser Company. Characteristics The Zaner-Bloser alphabet comprises two different sets of letters for handwriting – one for print writing (sometimes also called "manuscript printing"), and one for cursive writing. Zaner-Bloser letters are writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cursive
Cursive (also known as script, among other names) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in functionality and modern-day usage across languages and regions; being used both publicly in artistic and formal documents as well as in private communication. Formal cursive is generally joined, but casual cursive is a combination of joins and pen lifts. The writing style can be further divided as "looped", "italic script, italic" or "connected". The cursive method is used with many alphabets due to infrequent pen lifting and beliefs that it increases writing speed. Despite this belief, more elaborate or ornamental styles of writing can be slower to reproduce. In some alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke. A study of gradeschool children in 2013 discovered that the speed of their cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teaching Script
A teaching script is a sample script that serves as a visual orientation for learning to write by hand. In the sense of a guideline or a prototype, it supports the demanding process of developing handwriting skills and abilities in a visual and illustrative way. Teaching scripts are represented as alphabets (upper and lower case letters), which are generally accompanied by numbers and punctuation marks. For detailed information on the execution of movements and the design of individual letters and their incorporation into words, various learning materials such as writing exercise sheets or corresponding exercise books are usually provided. Historical context Historically, the older approach was to provide students with a beautiful, readable, and efficient cursive as a standard script for learning. Students were supposed to bring their writing closer and closer to this perfect model. In the first third of the 20th century, type teachers such as Rudolf von Larisch and Ludwig Sütt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slant (handwriting)
Slant is the predominant angle of the downward stroke in handwriting based on Latin script. The slant of a sample of writing is a feature of many regional handwriting variations, and also a reflection of the copybook that is taught. Examples * Slant is measured in degrees counterclockwise from the base line; * A slant of less than 90 degrees is a right-hand slant; * A slant of more than 90 degrees is a left-hand slant. (No examples in the above table.) Measurement of slants A good basis for its estimation is the point of the handwritten curve where the velocity has its peak value in the downward stroke. The polar distribution of the running angle along a handwritten trajectory is another good method for estimating the slant angle. Left-handed writing is often accompanied by a slant value which is larger than 90 degrees, i.e., it is bent backward, to the left. Graphology In Graphology slant can refer to either upstroke or downstroke values. These strokes can be made in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penmanship
Penmanship is the technique of writing with the hand using a writing instrument. Today, this is most commonly done with a pen, or pencil, but throughout history has included many different implements. The various generic and formal historical styles of writing are called "hands" while an individual's style of penmanship is referred to as "handwriting". History Origins The earliest example of systematic writing is the Sumerian pictographic system found on clay tablets, which eventually developed around 3200 BC into a modified version called cuneiform which was impressed on wet clay with a sharpened reed. This form of writing eventually evolved into an ideographic system (where a sign represents an idea) and then to a syllabic system (where a sign represents a syllable). Developing around the same time, the Egyptian system of hieroglyphics also began as a pictographic script and evolved into a system of syllabic writing. Two cursive scripts were eventually created, hier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Handwriting Variation
Although people in many parts of the world share common alphabets and numeral systems (versions of the Latin writing system are used throughout the Americas, Australia, and much of Europe and Africa; the Arabic numerals are nearly universal), styles of handwritten letterforms vary between individuals, and sometimes also vary systematically between regions. Arabic numerals The handwritten numerals used in Western countries have two common forms: * "In-line" or "full-height" form is similar to that used on typewriters and is taught in North America; in this form all numerals have the same height as the majuscule alphabet (''i.e.'' the capital letters). * In "old style" text figures, numerals ''0'', ''1'' and ''2'' are x-height; numerals ''6'' and ''8'' have bowls within x-height, plus ascenders; numerals ''3'', ''5'', ''7'' and ''9'' have descenders from x-height, with ''3'' resembling ; and the numeral ''4'' extends a short distance both up and down from x-height. Old-style num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting
Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting (BFH) is a modern teaching script for handwriting based on Latin script, developed in the late 20th century by Nan Jay Barchowsky in Maryland, US, with the aim of allowing learners to make an easier transition from print writing to cursive. Characteristics BFH is an italic script, similar to the Getty-Dubay Italic, where the letterforms of the print writing version taught to initial learners are very similar to the semi-connected cursive forms taught to intermediate learners. BFH is written with a slant of 80 degrees, measured counterclockwise from the baseline. See also * Spencerian script Spencerian script is a script style based on Copperplate script that was used in the United States from approximately 1850 to 1925, and was considered the American ''de facto'' standard writing style for business correspondence prior to the wid ..., a US teaching script * Palmer script, a US teaching script * D'Nealian script, a US teaching script * Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Getty-Dubay Italic
Getty-Dubay Italic is a modern teaching script for handwriting based on Latin script, developed in 1976 in Portland, Oregon, by Barbara Getty and Inga Dubay with the aim of allowing learners to make an easier transition from print writing to cursive. Characteristics Getty-Dubay Italic is designed as a semi-cursive Italic script. Other than strokes to join the letters, only the lower-case letter ' k' and a few upper-case letters have forms different from their printed equivalents. Getty-Dubay Italic is written with a slant of 85 degrees, measured counterclockwise from the baseline. Prevalence It has been claimed that about one-third of US homeschoolers (and about 7% of US schoolchildren generally) now learn Getty-Dubay Italic rather than conventional manuscript-then-cursive handwriting styles. Publishing Getty-Dubay Italic books were previously published by Portland State University and are now self-published by the authors and Allport Editions. See also * Spencerian s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spencerian Method
Spencerian script is a script style based on Copperplate script that was used in the United States from approximately 1850 to 1925, and was considered the American ''de facto'' standard writing style for business correspondence prior to the widespread adoption of the typewriter. Spencerian script, an American form of cursive handwriting, was also widely integrated into the school system as an instructional method until the "simpler" Palmer Method replaced it. President James A. Garfield called the Spencerian script, "the pride of our country and the model of our schools." History Platt Rogers Spencer, whose name the style bears, used various existing scripts as inspiration to develop a unique oval-based penmanship style that could be written very quickly and legibly to aid in matters of business correspondence as well as elegant personal letter-writing. Spencer, inspired by the forms that he saw of smooth pebbles in a stream, aimed to create a graceful script to resemble those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Grade
Second grade (also called grade two, corresponding to Year 3 in the United Kingdom) is a year of primary education in Canada and the United States. Second grade is the second year of primary school. Children are usually aged 7–8 at this grade level. Australia equivalent In Australia, this level of class is called Year 2. Children generally start this level between the ages of seven and eight. Brazil equivalent In Brazil, second grade is the ''segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental I'', in this case, the minimum age required to enter second grade is 7 years (84 months). To enter the second grade, all students must be 7 years old before the cut-off date. Cameroon equivalent In Cameroon, there are two sub-educational systems: one based on French education taught in French, and the other one based on British educational systems taught in English. This grade thus corresponds to "Class Two" in the English sub-educational system, and to the "Cours Preparatoire (CP)" of the French s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
