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Cécile Butticaz
Cécile Butticaz (2 July 1884, in Geneva – 1 June 1966, in Geneva), also known as Cécile Biéler or Cécile Biéler-Butticaz, was a Swiss engineer. She is considered the first female electrical engineer in Europe, because she earned her engineering diploma in 1907. Early life Butticaz was born in 1884, in Geneva, the daughter of Constant Butticaz and Eugénie Mercanton Butticaz. Her father was a factory director. Butticaz studied at the University of Geneva and then at EPFL a prestigious Swiss engineering university, from which she was also first female graduate. She earned a diploma in electrical engineering in 1907, the first woman to do so in Europe. She earned a doctorate in physics from the University of Geneva, in 1929, after conducting original research on invar, a nickel-iron alloy with industrial applications. Career Butticaz worked as an engineer in Geneva after she gained her diploma. She also taught mathematics in Geneva and Lausanne. She wrote and published s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva, Republic and Canton of Geneva. The city of Geneva () had a population 201,818 in 2019 (Jan. estimate) within its small municipal territory of , but the Canton of Geneva (the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs) had a population of 499,480 (Jan. 2019 estimate) over , and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French Departments of France, departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie the cross-border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat, which extends over ,As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost. "Science is knowledge based on our observed facts and tested truths arranged in an orderly system that can be validated and communicated to other people. Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles used to plan, build, direct, guide, manage, or work on systems to maintain and improve our daily lives." The word ''engineer'' (Latin ) is derived from the Latin words ("to contrive, devise") and ("cleverness"). The foundational qualifications of an engineer typically include a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdictions, a master's degree in an engineering discipline plus four to six years of peer-reviewed professiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Geneva
The University of Geneva (French: ''Université de Genève'') is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin as a theological seminary. It remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for enlightenment scholarship. Today, it is the third largest university in Switzerland by number of students. In 1873, it dropped its religious affiliations and became officially secular. In 2009, the University of Geneva celebrated the 450th anniversary of its founding. Almost 40% of the students come from foreign countries. The university holds and actively pursues teaching, research, and community service as its primary objectives. In 2016, it was ranked 53rd worldwide by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, 89th by the QS World University Rankings, and 131st in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking. UNIGE is a member of the League of European Research Universities (includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invar
Invar, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel–iron alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α). The name ''Invar'' comes from the word ''invariable'', referring to its relative lack of expansion or contraction with temperature changes. The discovery of the alloy was made in 1895 by Swiss physicist Charles Édouard Guillaume for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920. It enabled improvements in scientific instruments. Properties Like other nickel/iron compositions, Invar is a solid solution; that is, it is a single-phase alloy. In one commercial version it consists of approximately 36% nickel and 64% iron. The invar range was described by Westinghouse scientists in 1961 as "30–45 atom per cent nickel". Common grades of Invar have a coefficient of thermal expansion (denoted α, and measured between 20 °C and 100 °C) of about 1.2 × 10−6 K−1 (1.2 ppm/°C), while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Women In Engineering
The history of women in engineering predates the development of the profession of engineering. Before engineering was recognized as a formal profession, women with engineering skills often sought recognition as inventors. During the Islamic Golden Period from the 8th century until the 15th century there were many Muslim women who were inventors and engineers, such as the 10th-century astrolabe maker Al-ʻIjliyyah. In the 19th century, women who performed engineering work often had academic training in mathematics or science, although many of them were still not eligible to graduate with a degree in engineering, such as Ada Lovelace or Hertha Marks Ayrton. Rita de Morais Sarmento was one of the first women in Europe to be certified with an academic degree in engineering in 1896. In the United States at the University of California, Berkeley, however, both Elizabeth Bragg (1876) and Julia Morgan (1894) already had received their bachelor's degree in that field. In the early years of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rita De Morais Sarmento
Rita de Morais Sarmento (11 February 1872 – 28 March 1931) was a Portuguese civil engineer, the first woman to earn a degree in the subject in Portugal and probably the first woman to graduate as a chartered engineer in Europe. Early life Rita de Morais Sarmento was born in the city of Porto in 1872, to an Aveiro family with liberal constitutionalist views who had suffered as a result of the Portuguese Liberal Wars (1828 to 1834), fought between constitutionalists and absolutists over the succession to the Portuguese throne. Rita was the youngest of five children of Anselmo Evaristo de Morais Sarmento, a journalist and graphic artist, and Rita de Cássia de Oliveira. Her father edited the liberal left wing periodicals "''Gazeta Literária do Porto''" and "''A Actualidade''" and later the "''A Ideia Nova – diário democrático''". The household was a gathering place for his friends and colleagues, who were part of the liberal cultural and political scene, including Oliveira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Perry
Alice Jacqueline Perry (24 October 1885 – 21 April 1969) was one of the first women in Europe to graduate with a degree in engineering. Early life and education Born in Wellpark, Galway in 1885, Alice was one of five daughters and a son of Martha Park and James Perry (engineer), James Perry. Her father was the county surveyor in Galway West and co-founded the Galway Electric Light Company. Her uncle, John Perry (engineer), John Perry, was a Fellow of the Royal Society and invented the navigational gyroscope. After graduating from the High School in Galway, she won a scholarship to study at Queen's College Galway in 1902. Having excelled in mathematics, she changed from studying for a degree in arts to an engineering degree. She graduated with first class honours in civil engineering in 1906. Alice was one of the first women in Europe to graduate with a degree in engineering - following Rita de Morais Sarmento (Civil Engineering and Public Works from the Academia Politécnica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
100elles 20190818 Rue Cécile BIÉLER-BUTTICAZ - Rue Des Etuves
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soroptimist International
Soroptimist International (SI) is a global volunteer service organization for women with nearly 72,000 members in 121 countries worldwide. According to Soroptimist.org, their mission statement says that, "Soroptimist is a global volunteer organization that provides women and girls with access to the education and training they need to achieve economic empowerment." The name Soroptimist was coined from the Latin ''soror'' meaning sister, and optima meaning best. Soroptimist is interpreted as ‘'the best for women’'. There are nearly 72,000 Soroptimist members worldwide, the majority of whom belong to their local Clubs, where they can make friends with like-minded women of all walks of life (professional and business women), have fun, attend conferences and conventions, and work on projects that help improve the lives of women and girls locally, nationally and internationally. Soroptimist International also offers Associate Membership and E-Clubs for busy women who believe in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cully, Switzerland
Cully () is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the capital of the district of Lavaux until 2006 when it became part of the district of Lavaux-Oron. It lies on Lake Geneva. The municipalities of Cully, Epesses, Grandvaux, Riex and Villette (Lavaux) merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Bourg-en-Lavaux.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 17 February 2011 History The earliest traces of human activity in Cully come from the , when Lake Geneva was near the modern port of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1884 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * February 1 – ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', is published in England. * February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England. * March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan, begins (ends on January 26, 1885). * March 28 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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