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Cytophaga
''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose ''C. hutchinsonii'' is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the flagellum is not used Species The following are some species in ''Cytophaga'': * ''Cytophaga psychrophila'' — causes peduncle or cold water disease in Brook trout; predisposed by subnormal water temperature. * ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' — aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that ''C. hutchinsonii'' has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes. Species Previously Classified in ''Cytophaga:'' * ''Flavobacterium columnare'' (previously: ''Cytophaga columnaris)'' — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophagia
Cytophagales is an order of non-spore forming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that move through a gliding or flexing motion. These chemoorganotrophs are important remineralizers of organic materials into micronutrients. They are widely dispersed in the environment, found in ecosystems including soil, freshwater, seawater and sea ice. Cytophagales is included in the Bacteroidota phylum. Name etymology The name Cytophagales means 'cell eater', referring to the degradation of cellulose cell walls. 'Cytos' comes from the Ancient Greek noun κῠ́τος (kútos), which refers to a vessel, and a cell in biology. 'Phagien' comes from the Ancient Greek verb φαγεῖν (phageîn), which translates to "to eat". Biology and biochemistry General characteristics and biology Bacteria in Cytophagales are all Gram-negative and non-spore forming. They are non-flagellated, but move by exhibiting a gliding or flexing motion. Cytophagales are all unicellular, with rod-shaped cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophagales
Cytophagales is an order of non-spore forming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that move through a gliding or flexing motion. These chemoorganotrophs are important remineralizers of organic materials into micronutrients. They are widely dispersed in the environment, found in ecosystems including soil, freshwater, seawater and sea ice. Cytophagales is included in the Bacteroidota phylum. Name etymology The name Cytophagales means 'cell eater', referring to the degradation of cellulose cell walls. 'Cytos' comes from the Ancient Greek noun κῠ́τος (kútos), which refers to a vessel, and a cell in biology. 'Phagien' comes from the Ancient Greek verb φαγεῖν (phageîn), which translates to "to eat". Biology and biochemistry General characteristics and biology Bacteria in Cytophagales are all Gram-negative and non-spore forming. They are non-flagellated, but move by exhibiting a gliding or flexing motion. Cytophagales are all unicellular, with rod-shaped cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophaga Hutchinsonii
''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' is a bacterial species in the genus '' Cytophaga''. ''C. hutchinsonii'' is an aerobic, gram-negative, soil, microorganism that exhibits gliding motility, enabling it to move quickly over surfaces and is capable of cellulose degradation. Discovery ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' was first classified by Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky in 1929. Winogradsky found several cellulose decomposers which were morphologically similar to ''Spirochaeta cytophaga,'' a bacterium discovered in 1919 by microbiologists Hutchinson and Clayton. ''S. cytophaga'' is an aerobic cellulose degrading bacterial species found in soil environments. Winogradsky mistakenly classified ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' as identical to ''Spirochaeta cytophaga''. The 5 species were classified in the novel genus ''Cytophaga''. In 1933, Polish microbiologist Helena Krzemieniewska identified differences in the life cycle between ''Spirochaeta cytophaga'' and ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophaga Psychrophila
''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose ''C. hutchinsonii'' is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the flagellum is not used Species The following are some species in ''Cytophaga'': * ''Cytophaga psychrophila'' — causes peduncle or cold water disease in Brook trout; predisposed by subnormal water temperature. * '' Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' — aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that ''C. hutchinsonii'' has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes. Species Previously Classified in ''Cytophaga:'' * ''Flavobacterium columnare'' (previously: ''Cytophaga columnaris)'' — the cause of columnaris disease in salmonid fish, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophaga Johnsonae
''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose ''C. hutchinsonii'' is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the flagellum is not used Species The following are some species in ''Cytophaga'': * '' Cytophaga psychrophila'' — causes peduncle or cold water disease in Brook trout; predisposed by subnormal water temperature. * '' Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' — aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that ''C. hutchinsonii'' has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes. Species Previously Classified in ''Cytophaga:'' * ''Flavobacterium columnare'' (previously: '' Cytophaga columnaris)'' — the cause of columnaris disease in salmon Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophagaceae
Cytophagaceae is a family of bacteria.Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (D.R. Boone and R.W. Castenholz, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York (2001). pp. 465–466. References Cytophagia {{Bacteroidetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteroidota
The phylum Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. Although some ''Bacteroides'' spp. can be opportunistic pathogens, many ''Bacteroidota'' are symbiotic species highly adjusted to the gastrointestinal tract. ''Bacteroides'' are highly abundant in intestines, reaching up to 1011 cells g−1 of intestinal material. They perform metabolic conversions that are essential for the host, such as degradation of proteins or complex sugar polymers. ''Bacteroidota'' colonize the gastrointestinal tract already in infants, as non-digestible oligosaccharides in mother milk support the growth of both '' Bacteroides'' and '' Bifidobacterium'' spp. ''Bacteroides'' spp. are selectively recognized by the immune system of the host through specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexibacter Columnaris
''Flavobacterium columnare'' is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus ''Flavobacterium''. The name derives from the way in which the organism grows in rhizoid columnar formations. The species was first described by Davis (1922), and the name was validated by Bernardet and Grimont (1989). ''Flavobacterium columnare'' can be identified in the laboratory by a five-step method that demonstrates: # the ability to grow on a medium containing neomycin and polymyxin B # production of yellow pigmented rhizoid (root-like in appearance) colonies # production of a gelatin-degrading enzyme # binding of Congo red dye to the colony # production of a chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzyme The species has been known previously as ''Flexibacter columnaris'', ''Bacillus columnaris'', and ''Cytophaga columnaris''. ''Flavobacterium columnare'' is one of the oldest known diseases among warm-water fish, and manifests itself as an infection commonly known as columnaris. Infections are the seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Gliding
Gliding motility is a type of translocation used by microorganisms that is independent of propulsive structures such as flagella, pili, and fimbriae. Gliding allows microorganisms to travel along the surface of low aqueous films. The mechanisms of this motility are only partially known. Twitching motility also allows microorganisms to travel along a surface, but this type of movement is jerky and uses pili as its means of transport. Bacterial gliding is a type of gliding motility that can also use pili for propulsion. The speed of gliding varies between organisms, and the reversal of direction is seemingly regulated by some sort of internal clock. For example the apicomplexans are able to travel at fast rates between 1–10 µm/s. In contrast ''Myxococcus xanthus'' bacteria glide at a rate of 0.08 µm/s. Cell-invasion and gliding motility have TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein), a surface protein, as a common molecular basis that is both essential for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Cold Water Disease
Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. It is caused by the bacterium '' Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' (previously classified in the genus ''Cytophaga''), a psychrophilic, gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. This bacterium is found in fresh waters with the optimal growth temperature below 13°C, and it can be seen in any area with water temperatures consistently below 15°C. Salmon are the most commonly affected species. This disease is not zoonotic. Asymptomatic carrier fish and contaminated water provide reservoirs for disease. Transmission is mainly via horizontal gene transfer, but vertical transmission can also occur. BCWD may be referred to by a number of other names including cold water disease, peduncle disease, fit rot, tail rot and rainbow trout fry mortality syndrome. Causes and Symptoms 250px, The sweetfish which was infected with cold water disease Fish infected with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophaga Columnaris
''Flavobacterium columnare'' is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus ''Flavobacterium''. The name derives from the way in which the organism grows in rhizoid columnar formations. The species was first described by Davis (1922), and the name was validated by Bernardet and Grimont (1989). ''Flavobacterium columnare'' can be identified in the laboratory by a five-step method that demonstrates: # the ability to grow on a medium containing neomycin and polymyxin B # production of yellow pigmented rhizoid (root-like in appearance) colonies # production of a gelatin-degrading enzyme # binding of Congo red dye to the colony # production of a chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzyme The species has been known previously as ''Flexibacter columnaris'', ''Bacillus columnaris'', and ''Cytophaga columnaris''. ''Flavobacterium columnare'' is one of the oldest known diseases among warm-water fish, and manifests itself as an infection commonly known as columnaris. Infections are the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columnaris
Columnaris (also referred to as cottonmouth) is a symptom of disease in fish which results from an infection caused by the Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium '' Flavobacterium columnare''. It was previously known as ''Bacillus columnaris, Chondrococcus columnaris, Cytophaga columnaris'' and ''Flexibacter columnaris''. The bacteria are ubiquitous in fresh water, and cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern – with disease most prevalent in air temperatures above 12–14 °C. It is often mistaken for a fungal infection. The disease is highly contagious and the outcome is often fatal. It is not zoonotic. Causes The bacteria usually enter fish through gills, mouth, or small wounds, and is prevalent where high bioloads exist, or where conditions may be stressful due to overcrowding or low dissolved oxygen levels in the water column. The bacteria can persist in water for up to 32 days when the hardness is 50 ppm or more. Minerals are however ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
