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Cytinus
''Cytinus'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. ''Cytinus'' usually parasitizes ''Cistus'' and ''Halimium'', two genera of plants in the family Cistaceae. It has also been found on ''Ptilostemon chamaepeuce''. Several species are found in the Mediterranean Region, South Africa, with a possibly undescribed species from Madagascar. Biology ''C. capensis'' and ''C. sanguineus'' are dioecious, while ''C. hypocistis'' is monoecious. Nickrent ''et al.'' 2004 ''C. hypocistis'' has been shown to infect mainly ''Halimium halimifolium'' and ''Cistus monspeliensis'' in Portugal. Systematics The genus ''Cytinus'' was previously included in the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae, but is now put into the family Cytinaceae (order Malvales), together with the genus ''Bdallophytum'' with four species. ''Cytinus ruber'' is no longer considered a separate species, but is now a subspecies of ''C. hypocistis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytinus Ruber
''Cytinus'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. ''Cytinus'' usually parasitizes ''Cistus'' and ''Halimium'', two genera of plants in the family Cistaceae. It has also been found on ''Ptilostemon chamaepeuce''. Several species are found in the Mediterranean Region, South Africa, with a possibly undescribed species from Madagascar. Biology ''C. capensis'' and ''C. sanguineus'' are dioecious, while ''C. hypocistis'' is monoecious. Nickrent ''et al.'' 2004 ''C. hypocistis'' has been shown to infect mainly ''Halimium halimifolium'' and ''Cistus monspeliensis'' in Portugal. Systematics The genus ''Cytinus'' was previously included in the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae, but is now put into the family Cytinaceae (order Malvales), together with the genus ''Bdallophytum'' with four species. ''Cytinus ruber'' is no longer considered a separate species, but is now a subspecies of ''C. hypocistis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytinus Capensis
''Cytinus'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. ''Cytinus'' usually parasitizes ''Cistus'' and ''Halimium'', two genera of plants in the family Cistaceae. It has also been found on ''Ptilostemon chamaepeuce''. Several species are found in the Mediterranean Region, South Africa, with a possibly undescribed species from Madagascar. Biology ''C. capensis'' and ''C. sanguineus'' are dioecious, while ''C. hypocistis'' is monoecious. Nickrent ''et al.'' 2004 ''C. hypocistis'' has been shown to infect mainly ''Halimium halimifolium'' and ''Cistus monspeliensis'' in Portugal. Systematics The genus ''Cytinus'' was previously included in the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae, but is now put into the family Cytinaceae (order Malvales), together with the genus ''Bdallophytum'' with four species. ''Cytinus ruber'' is no longer considered a separate species, but is now a subspecies of ''C. hypocistis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants. It comprises two genera, ''Cytinus'' and ''Bdallophytum'', totalling ten species. These two genera were formerly placed in the family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were separated into a new family, it was initially placed in Malpighiales, but it has since been recognised as belonging to order Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and .... References External linksParasitic Plant Connection: Cytinaceae Parasitic plants Malvales families {{Malvales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bdallophytum
''Bdallophytum'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants with five described species. It parasitizes on the roots of plants of the genus ''Bursera'', such as ''Bursera simaruba''. The genus is endemic to the Neotropics.Parasiticplants.siu.eduCytinaceae/ref> It was previously placed in ''Rafflesiaceae'', but is now placed in family Cytinaceae, together with the only other genus ''Cytinus''. Some ''Bdallophytum'' species were at one time considered to belong to this latter genus. ''Bdallophytum'' is dioecious. Name The genus name is probably derived from Ancient Greek ''bdell-'' "leech Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worms that comprise the subclass Hirudinea within the phylum Annelida. They are closely related to the oligochaetes, which include the earthworm, and like them have soft, muscular segmented bodie ..." and ''phyton'' "plant". It was later misspelled as ''Bdallophyton'' by Eichler, and this synonym is now also in common use.USDA GRINGenus ''Bdallo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistus
''Cistus'' (from the Greek ''kistos'') is a genus of flowering plants in the rockrose family Cistaceae, containing about 20 species (Ellul ''et al.'' 2002). They are perennial shrubs found on dry or rocky soils throughout the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal through to the Middle East, and also on the Canary Islands. ''Cistus'', with its many hybrids and cultivars, is commonly encountered as a garden flower. The common name rockrose (rock rose in the UK) is applied to the species, a name also shared by the related genera ''Halimium'', ''Helianthemum'' and ''Tuberaria'', all in the family Cistaceae. The common name ''gum cistus'' is applied to resin-bearing species, especially ''C. ladanifer''. Description The leaves are evergreen, opposite, simple, usually slightly rough-surfaced, 2–8 cm long. In a few species (notably ''C. ladanifer''), the leaves are coated with a highly aromatic resin called labdanum. They have showy 5-petaled flowers ranging from whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafflesiaceae
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus ''Tetrastigma'' (Vitaceae) and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue. They rely entirely on their host plants for both water and nutrients, and only then emerge as flowers from the roots or lower stems of the host plants. Description Flowers Rafflesiaceae flowers mimic rotting carcasses in scent, color, and texture to attract their pollinators, carrion flies. For this reason, some flowers of the family ''Rafflesia'' are nicknamed "corpse flowers". Most members of Rafflesiaceae possess a large, bowl-shaped floral chamber formed by a perianth tube and a diaphragm. This diaphragm is the opening for carrion fly pollinators and is surrounded by attractive sterile organs. Flowers are gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Lee Nickrent
Daniel Lee Nickrent is an American botanist, working in plant evolutionary biology, including the subdisciplines of genomics, phylogenetics, systematics, population genetics, and taxonomy. A major focus has been parasitic flowering plants, particularly of the sandalwood order (Santalales). His interest in photographic documentation and photographic databases has led to several photographic databases including Parasitic Plant Connection, Phytoimages, Plant Checklist for the Rocky Mountain National Park, and Plant Checklist for the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. Nickrent has over 9400 citations (as of 15 October 2019) according to Google Scholar. He is Research Faculty and Professor Emeritus of Plant Molecular Systematics and Evolution at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) (). Education After completing one year towards his undergraduate degree at Illinois State University, Nickrent's interest in plants began during his participation in an NSF-sponsored r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistus Monspeliensis
''Cistus monspeliensis'' is a species of rockrose known by the common name Montpellier cistus. It is native to southern Europe and northern Africa, in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecosystems of matorral—maquis shrublands. Description ''Cistus monspeliensis'' is a shrub with narrow evergreen leaves and a hairy, glandular, sticky surface. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped, green, with a rugose, wrinkled upper surface, up to 5 centimeters long. In cultivation, ''C. monspeliensis'' attains a height of around one meter and a width of 1.5 metres. The plant's inflorescence is generally a panicle of 2 to 8 flowers, each with five sepals and five white petals.http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3215,3216,3219 Jepson Distribution It is mainly distributed throughout the western Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, including Madeira; Spain, including the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands; Morocco; southern France, including Corsica; Italy, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmenagogue
Emmenagogues (also spelled ''emmenagogs'') are herbs which stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus; some stimulate menstruation. Women use emmenagogues to stimulate menstrual flow when menstruation is absent for reasons other than pregnancy, such as hormonal disorders or conditions like oligomenorrhea (light menses). According to Riddle, these herbs were also used to assist women whose menstruation was "delayed", for the reason that they had conceived. There are a large number of substances which can act as emmenagogues. Many, such as Mentha pulegium, European pennyroyal, or Tansy, may, as a tea, bring on menses, but if taken later in pregnancy, in strong or concentrated doses, such as pennyroyal or tansy oil, pose serious medical hazards including organ damage or incomplete abortions. Rue (Ruta graveolens) and Peganum harmala ''Peganum harmala'', commonly called wild rue, Syrian rue, African rue, esfand or espand,Mahmoud OmidsalaEsfand: a common weed found in Persia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folk Medicine
Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness". Traditional medicine is often contrasted with scientific medicine. In some Asian and African countries, up to 80% of the population relies on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside its traditional culture, traditional medicine is often considered a form of alternative medicine. Practices known as traditional medicines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin ''adstringere'', which means "to bind fast". Calamine lotion, witch hazel, and yerba mansa, a Californian plant, are astringents. Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Ripe fruits and fruit parts including blackthorn (sloe berries), ''Aronia'' chokeberry, chokecherry, bird cherry, rhubarb, quince and persimmon fruits (especially those which are unripe), banana skins (or unripe bananas), cashew fruits and acorns are astringent. Citrus fruits, like lemons, are somewhat astringent. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate, producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth. The tannins in some teas, coffee, and red grape wines like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot produce mild as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysentery
Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications may include dehydration. The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus ''Shigella'', in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba ''Entamoeba histolytica''; then it is called amoebiasis. Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. It may spread between people. Risk factors include contamination of food and water with feces due to poor sanitation. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon. Efforts to prevent dysentery include hand washing and food safety measures while traveling in areas of high risk. While the condition generally resolves on its own within a week, drinking sufficient fluids such as oral rehydration s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
