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Cyrus Hashemi
Cyrus Hashemi ( fa, سیروس هاشمی; also spelled ''Hashimi''; 27 December 1938 – 21 July 1986) was an Iranian arms dealer linked to the Iran-Contra affair, Brokers of Death arms case, and October Surprise conspiracy theory. Robert Dreyfuss claimed Hashemi was a CIA and Mossad agent; Hashemi sued Dreyfuss and Lyndon LaRouche, whose ''Executive Intelligence Review'' had accused Hashemi of being linked to the alleged "funding of Iranian terrorism in the United States," with the case dismissed in June 1983 due to Hashemi's failure to respond to legal documents. Hashemi died from acute myeloblastic leukemia July 1986 in London. Background Hashemi and his brother Jamshid Hashemi were persecuted by the Shah's SAVAK during the 1963 White Revolution, and left Iran as a result. The Hashemis had connections with Ahmed Madani, who was exiled in 1970 and went on to become Defense Minister after the 1979 Revolution. The Hashemis supported the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and Jamshid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the end of the Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's first supreme leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his period in power was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989. Khomeini was born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert McFarlane
Robert Carl "Bud" McFarlane (July 12, 1937 – May 12, 2022) was an American Marine Corps officer who served as National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan from 1983 to 1985. Within the Reagan administration, McFarlane was a leading architect of the Strategic Defense Initiative, a project intended to defend the US from Soviet ballistic missile attacks. He resigned as National Security Adviser in late 1985 because of disagreements with other administration figures but remained involved in negotiations with Iran and with Hezbollah. McFarlane was a central figure in the Iran–Contra affair, an operation in which the Reagan administration funneled weapons to Iran and diverted the profits to illegally fund right-wing rebels in Nicaragua. When the scheme came to light, administration officials implemented a plan to insulate Reagan and senior officials by focusing blame on McFarlane. He ultimately pleaded guilty to four misdemeanor counts and admitted that he had hidden infor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manucher Ghorbanifar
Manucher Ghorbanifar ( fa, منوچهر قربانیفر; nicknamed Gorba, born May 9, 1945) is an expatriate Iranian arms dealer and former SAVAK agent. According to the ''Washington Report on Middle East Affairs'', Ghorbanifar was a double agent for Iran and Israel. The CIA director William Casey believed that Ghorbanifar was an Israeli agent. He is best known as a middleman in the Iran–Contra Affair during the Ronald Reagan presidency.Laura Rozen and Jeet Heer, ''American Prospect'', 20 March 2005The Front He re-emerged in American politics during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq during the first term of President George W. Bush as a back-channel intelligence source "in order to report on any interaction and attempts at negotiations between Iranian officials and US ambassador to Iraq, Zalmay Khalilzad".Larisa Alexandrovna, 20 April 2006, ''Raw Story''Cheney has tapped Iranian expatriate, arms dealer to surveil discussions with Iran, officials say Prior to the Iraq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York (magazine)
''New York'' is an American biweekly magazine concerned with life, culture, politics, and style generally, and with a particular emphasis on New York City. Founded by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to ''The New Yorker'', it was brasher and less polite, and established itself as a cradle of New Journalism. Over time, it became more national in scope, publishing many noteworthy articles on American culture by writers such as Tom Wolfe, Jimmy Breslin, Nora Ephron, John Heilemann, Frank Rich, and Rebecca Traister. In its 21st-century incarnation under editor-in-chief Adam Moss, "The nation's best and most-imitated city magazine is often not about the city—at least not in the overcrowded, traffic-clogged, five-boroughs sense", wrote then-''Washington Post'' media critic Howard Kurtz, as the magazine increasingly published political and cultural stories of national significance. Since its redesign and relaunch in 2004, the magazine has won more National Mag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roy Furmark
Roy M. Furmark (28 September 1931 - 4 January 2001) was a New York businessman who played a role in the Iran-Contra affair in a number of ways, including acting as a link between CIA Director William Casey and Saudi billionaire Adnan Khashoggi, who financed the arms deal at the center of the affair. In 1986 the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that Furmark had known Casey and Khashoggi for about 20 years. Background and early career Furmark was born in Brooklyn, graduated from Pace College with a degree in accounting, and after working at a number of accounting firms started a private practice in 1964.Bob Drogin, ''Los Angeles Times'', 17 December 1986Warned Casey 3 Times on Iran Funds, Furmark Says : Businessman Claims He Got Middlemen Together/ref> He began working with John Shaheen in 1966, who would later introduce him to William Casey. In the 1970s Furmark was vice-chairman of the board of the Newfoundland Refining Co., a Canadian venture (which built the Come By Chance Refinery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnan Khashoggi
Adnan Khashoggi ( ar, عدنان خاشقجي, ‘Adnān Khāshuqjī; 25 July 1935 – 6 June 2017) was a Saudi businessman and arms dealer known for his lavish business deals and lifestyle. He was estimated to have had a peak net worth of around US$4 billion in the early 1980s. Family and education Khashoggi was born in Mecca, to Mohammad Khashoggi, who was King Abdul Aziz Al Saud's personal doctor, and Samiha Ahmed. Khashoggi's sister was author Samira Khashoggi who married businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed and was the mother of Dodi Fayed. Another sister, Soheir Khashoggi, is a well-known Arab novelist (''Mirage'', ''Nadia's Song'', ''Mosaic''). He was a paternal uncle of murdered journalist, Jamal Khashoggi. Khashoggi was educated at Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt, and the American universities California State University, Chico, Ohio State University, and Stanford University. Adnan Khashoggi left his studies in order to seek his fortune in business. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House October Surprise Task Force
The House October Surprise Task Force (formally ''Task Force of the Committee on Foreign Affairs to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of Americans as Hostages by Iran in 1980'') was a task force instituted by the United States House of Representatives in 1992 to examine the October Surprise conspiracy theory which theorized that, during the 1980 United States presidential election, the Reagan campaign successfully negotiated with the government of Iran for a solution to the Iran hostage crisis that would not occur until after the election, so as to prevent President Jimmy Carter, Reagan's opponent, from getting an electoral boost. Following the publication of the task force report in January 1993, Task Force chairman Rep. Lee H. Hamilton published an editorial in ''The New York Times'' in which he summarized the Task Force conclusion as being that "there was virtually no credible evidence to support the accusations." Lee H. Hamilton, ''New York Times'', 24 Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. newspapers and broadcasters. The AP has earned 56 Pulitzer Prizes, including 34 for photography, since the award was established in 1917. It is also known for publishing the widely used '' AP Stylebook''. By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters, English, Spanish, and Arabic. The AP operates 248 news bureaus in 99 countries. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Stanley Pottinger
John Stanley Pottinger (born February 13, 1940) is an American novelist and lawyer. He previously worked as a banker in the 1980s and served as a political executive known for his appointments involving civil rights. Early life and education J. Stanley Pottinger was born in 1940 in Dayton Ohio, to parents Elnora and John Pottinger. He grew up and attended high school in Dayton. Pottinger credits his father John with instilling in him an awareness of civil rights. In 1962, Pottinger graduated from Harvard University. He continued his studies at Harvard and graduated with a JD from Harvard Law School in 1965. Pottinger's interest in politics led him to volunteer in 1966 to aid the campaign of Robert H. Finch for lieutenant governor of California. Finch asked him in 1968 to head the Civil Rights Division. Career Pottinger held significant roles as a bureaucratic appointee in the Nixon, Ford and Carter Administrations. He held the position of the Director of the Office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Hostage Crisis
On November 4, 1979, 52 United States diplomats and citizens were held hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took them as hostages. A diplomatic standoff ensued. The hostages were held for 444 days, being released on January 20, 1981. Western media described the crisis as an "entanglement" of "vengeance and mutual incomprehension." U.S. President Jimmy Carter called the hostage-taking an act of "blackmail" and the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy." In Iran, it was widely seen as an act against the U.S. and its influence in Iran, including its perceived attempts to undermine the Iranian Revolution and its longstanding support of the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was overthrown in 1979. After Shah Pahlavi was overthrown, he was admitted to the U.S. for cancer treatment. Iran demanded his return in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Cogan
Charles G. "Chuck" Cogan (January 11, 1928 – December 14, 2017) was an American academic and intelligence officer who served in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1954 to 1991. Background Cogan was born in Melrose, Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Harvard University and served in the United States Army during the Korean War. From 2006 until his death, he was an associate at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. At the CIA, Cogan's roles included chief of the Near East and South Asia Division in the CIA's Directorate of Operations (1979–1984)Charles CoganDesert One and Its Disorders ''The Journal of Military History'' 67.1 (2003) 201-216 and Paris station chief (1984–1989).atlantico.frCharles Cogan : "Signer, c'est une question de courage" He graduated from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1992 with a Doctor of Public Administration degree. Cogan died in Cambri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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