Cupule (other)
A cupule is a small structure shaped like a cup, including: * In archeology, rock cupules are circular man-made hollows on the surface of a large rock or a rock slab ** On a smaller artifact they are called a cupstone. * In botany: the base of an acorn, see calybium and cupule. * In entomology, a sucker on the feet of some flies. See also * Cupula (other) * Copula (other) * Cupul Cupul or Kupul, (Maya: ''Kupul'', 'toponímico; adjective') was the name of a Maya chiefdom at time of the Spanish conquest of Yucatán. Cupul was one of the most extensive and densely populated Maya provinces on the Yucatán Peninsula. It was for ...

Rock Cupule
Rock cupules () are artificially made depressions on rock surfaces that resemble the shape of an inverse spherical cap or dome. They were made by direct percussion with hand-held hammer-stones, on vertical, sloping or horizontal rock surfaces. Cupules are widely believed to be the world's most common rock art motifs, found in huge numbers in every continent except Antarctica. They were produced in many cultures, from the Lower Paleolithic to the 20th century, and they can be found on most lithologies. Similar artifacts from lithic Native American cultures are also known as cupstones. The name cupule derives from the Late Latin ''cūpula'', “little cask”. Appearances Cupules are usually between in diameter, although larger specimens are occasionally seen. They occur commonly in groupings that may number several hundred; they may be arranged in geometric formations, such as aligned sets, or they occur in unstructured, random groups. Some specimens in the southern Kalahari ...
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Cupstone
Cupstones, also called anvil stones, pitted cobbles and nutting stones, among other names, are roughly discoidal or amorphous groundstone artifacts among the most common lithic remains of Native American culture, especially in the Midwestern United States, in Early Archaic contexts. The hemispherical indentation itself is an important element of paleoart, known as a "cupule". Cup and ring marks are also common in the Fertile Crescent and India, and later in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Alpine regions of Europe, sometimes associated with complex petroglyphs or megalithic monuments. Etymology One encyclopedia of archaeology treats "pitted stone", "cupstones", and "nutting stones" as synonyms and says that they "may have been formed by cracking nutshells, though this activity lacks adequate confirmation through ethnographic examples or published experimentation." Purpose These objects have received little study, perhaps because edged tools and weapons have more intrinsic ...
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Calybium And Cupule
The calybium and the cupule make up the accessory fruit of flowering plants in the family Fagaceae. These two parts derive from different flower components. The cupule holds and protects the fruit during its growth and maturation. In some genera (e.g. '' Lithocarpus, Quercus''), it only partly encloses the single nut, while in others (e.g. '' Castanea, Fagus''), it fully encloses the two or more nuts, and splits open at maturity into four valves to release the nuts. It is derived from the vegetative part of the flower (its attachment to the rest of the plant). It is covered by numerous scales. In some (e.g. ''Castanea''), the scales are developed into sharp spines, giving the nut protection from squirrels and other seed predators, while in others (e.g. most ''Quercus''), they are not. In ''Lithocarpus'', the cupule is very hard and bone-like in texture. The calybium (plural: calybia) is the fruit proper. It develops from an inferior ovary, meaning it is initially encased in ...
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Sucker (zoology)
A sucker in zoology refers to a specialised attachment organ of an animal. It acts as an adhesion device in parasitic worms, several flatworms, cephalopods, certain fishes, amphibians, and bats. It is a muscular structure for suction on a host or substrate. In parasitic annelids, flatworms and roundworms, suckers are the organs of attachment to the host tissues. In tapeworms and flukes, they are a parasitic adaptation for attachment on the internal tissues of the host, such as intestines and blood vessels. In roundworms and flatworms they serve as attachment between individuals particularly during mating. In annelids, a sucker can be both a functional mouth and a locomotory organ. The structure and number of suckers are often used as basic taxonomic diagnosis between different species, since they are unique in each species. In tapeworms there are two distinct classes of suckers, namely "bothridia" for true suckers, and " bothria" for false suckers. In digeneal flukes there ar ...
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Cupula (other)
A cupula is a small, inverted cup or dome-shaped cap over a structure, including: * Ampullary cupula, a structure in the vestibular system, providing the sense of spatial orientation * Cochlear cupula, a structure in the cochlea * Cupula of the pleura, related to the lungs *The cervical parietal pleura in the thorax *A layer in the otolith organs * The ''cupula optica'', or optic cup, in embryological development of the eye * Cup-like structure fitted over the eye during electrophysiology study * Suprapleural membrane See also * Cupola (other) A cupola is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building. Cupola may also refer to: Science, mathematics, and technology * Cupola (cave formation), a recess in the ceiling of a lava tube * Cupola (geology), a ty ... * Copula (other) * Cupule (other) {{disambig ...
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Copula (other)
Copula may refer to: * Copula (linguistics), a word used to link subject and predicate * Copula (music), a type of polyphonic texture similar to organum * Copula (probability theory), a function linking marginal variables into a multivariate distribution * ''Copula'' (cnidarian), a genus of box jellyfish * '' Beatmania IIDX 23: Copula'', a video game See also * Copula linguae, an embryonic structure of the tongue * Copulas in signal processing * Copulation (zoology) * Cupola, an architectural term * Cupola furnace, a foundry device * Cupula (other) * Cupule (other) * Indo-European copula * Romance copula In some of the Romance languages the Copula (linguistics), copula, the equivalent of the verb ''to be'' in English, is relatively complex compared to its counterparts in other languages. A copula (linguistics), copula is a word that links the su ...