Cryptofilida

	Cryptofilida Cryptofilida () is an order of small heterotrophic protists in the phylum Cercozoa. They are filose amoebae that lack cilia and gliding, and are instead characterized by movement through branching or unbranched granular filopodia that are appressed to the substrate during their feeding. In studies on the impact of conventional soil management, Cryptofilida were identified as ecological indicators. Phylogeny and taxonomy Phylogeny Cryptofilida is a clade inside Granofilosea, and is phylogenetically related to Limnofilida, a group with similar amoeboid protists. However, the exact relationships between the granofilosean clades is still unresolved. Two outcomes are shown here from the 2009 analysis that identified the group for the first time: A more recent analysis shows this result: Taxonomy The order contains two families with one species each. Family Mesofilidae ''Mesofila'' *'' Mesofila limnetica'' Family Nanofilidae ''Nanofila ''Nanofila'' () is a genus of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Granofilosea Granofilosea is a class of cercozoans in the subphylum Filosa. Three groups that were traditionally considered heliozoans belong here: the Heliomonadida, Desmothoracida and Gymnosphaerida, which were recently grouped into the new class of Granofilosea. Taxonomy * Class Granofilosea Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 Family ? Microgromiidae De Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Apogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Belaria'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Heterogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Microgromia'' Hertwig & Lesser 1874 * Genus '' Paralieberkuehnia'' de Saedeleer 1934 Order ? Axomonadida xonucleoaxoplastiales* Family Tetradimorphidae Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984 ** Genus '' Tetradimorpha'' Hsiung 1927 Order Desmothoracida Honigberg et al. 1964 ryptaxohelida; Desmothoraca Hertwig & Lesser 1874; Clathrulinida Starobogatov 1980* Family Clathrulinidae Claus 1874 Genus '' Actinosphaeridium'' Zacharias 1893 Genus '' Cienkowskya'' Schaudinn 1896 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Leucodictyida Granofilosea is a class of cercozoans in the subphylum Filosa. Three groups that were traditionally considered heliozoans belong here: the Heliomonadida, Desmothoracida and Gymnosphaerida, which were recently grouped into the new class of Granofilosea. Taxonomy * Class Granofilosea Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 Family ? Microgromiidae De Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Apogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Belaria'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Heterogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Microgromia'' Hertwig & Lesser 1874 * Genus '' Paralieberkuehnia'' de Saedeleer 1934 Order ? Axomonadida xonucleoaxoplastiales* Family Tetradimorphidae Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984 ** Genus '' Tetradimorpha'' Hsiung 1927 Order Desmothoracida Honigberg et al. 1964 ryptaxohelida; Desmothoraca Hertwig & Lesser 1874; Clathrulinida Starobogatov 1980* Family Clathrulinidae Claus 1874 Genus '' Actinosphaeridium'' Zacharias 1893 Genus '' Cienkowskya'' Schaudinn 1896 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Limnofilida Granofilosea is a class of cercozoans in the subphylum Filosa. Three groups that were traditionally considered heliozoans belong here: the Heliomonadida, Desmothoracida and Gymnosphaerida, which were recently grouped into the new class of Granofilosea. Taxonomy * Class Granofilosea Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 Family ? Microgromiidae De Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Apogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Belaria'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Heterogromia'' de Saedeleer 1934 * Genus '' Microgromia'' Hertwig & Lesser 1874 * Genus '' Paralieberkuehnia'' de Saedeleer 1934 Order ? Axomonadida xonucleoaxoplastiales* Family Tetradimorphidae Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984 ** Genus '' Tetradimorpha'' Hsiung 1927 Order Desmothoracida Honigberg et al. 1964 ryptaxohelida; Desmothoraca Hertwig & Lesser 1874; Clathrulinida Starobogatov 1980* Family Clathrulinidae Claus 1874 Genus '' Actinosphaeridium'' Zacharias 1893 Genus '' Cienkowskya'' Schaudinn 1896 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mesofilidae ''Mesofila'' () is a genus of freshwater heterotrophic protists of the phylum Cercozoa. It is the only genus in the family Mesofilidae. It is a monotypic genus, with the sole species ''M. limnetica'' (). Morphology ''Mesofila limnetica'' are small biciliate amoebae with several, extremely long, branching filopodia that, unlike Heliomorphidae, do not radiate in three dimensions but rather remain in contact against the substrate during feeding. The two long cilia and the long filopodia can be present simultaneously or each on their own, depending on the life cycle phase. ''Mesofila'' have two phases: amoeboid and flagellate. Amoeboid phase. The immotile amoeboid cells are 9 to 14 μm in diameter and have a circular or slightly polygonial shape with a pitted surface. The central nucleus takes up around a quarter of the cell body's diameter and has a conspicuous nucleolus in its center. The filopodia appear from all around the cell, but slightly thicker filopodia usually emerge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mesofila ''Mesofila'' () is a genus of freshwater heterotrophic protists of the phylum Cercozoa. It is the only genus in the family Mesofilidae. It is a monotypic genus, with the sole species ''M. limnetica'' (). Morphology ''Mesofila limnetica'' are small biciliate amoebae with several, extremely long, branching filopodia that, unlike Heliomorphidae, do not radiate in three dimensions but rather remain in contact against the substrate during feeding. The two long cilia and the long filopodia can be present simultaneously or each on their own, depending on the life cycle phase. ''Mesofila'' have two phases: amoeboid and flagellate. Amoeboid phase. The immotile amoeboid cells are 9 to 14 μm in diameter and have a circular or slightly polygonial shape with a pitted surface. The central nucleus takes up around a quarter of the cell body's diameter and has a conspicuous nucleolus in its center. The filopodia appear from all around the cell, but slightly thicker filopodia usually emerge from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nanofila Marina ''Nanofila'' () is a genus of marine heterotrophic protists of the phylum Cercozoa. It is the only genus in the family Nanofilidae. It is a monotypic genus, with the sole species ''N. marina''. Morphology ''Nanofila'' are small amoebae with unbranched, granular filopodia. They lack cilia The cilium, plural cilia (), is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell, and certain microorganisms known as ciliates. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projecti ..., have a spherical shape of around 3 μm in diameter, and extend about six extremely thin filopodia that lie flat against the substrate. References External links Cercozoa genera {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mesofila Limnetica ''Mesofila'' () is a genus of freshwater heterotrophic protists of the phylum Cercozoa. It is the only genus in the family Mesofilidae. It is a monotypic genus, with the sole species ''M. limnetica'' (). Morphology ''Mesofila limnetica'' are small biciliate amoebae with several, extremely long, branching filopodia that, unlike Heliomorphidae, do not radiate in three dimensions but rather remain in contact against the substrate during feeding. The two long cilia and the long filopodia can be present simultaneously or each on their own, depending on the life cycle phase. ''Mesofila'' have two phases: amoeboid and flagellate. Amoeboid phase. The immotile amoeboid cells are 9 to 14 μm in diameter and have a circular or slightly polygonial shape with a pitted surface. The central nucleus takes up around a quarter of the cell body's diameter and has a conspicuous nucleolus in its center. The filopodia appear from all around the cell, but slightly thicker filopodia usually emerge from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Monadofilosa Monadofilosa is a grouping of Cercozoa. (It is sometimes considered one of three, the other two being Phytomyxa and Reticulofilosa.) These organisms are single-celled amoeboid protists. Classification Monadofilosa includes the testaceans, which are testate filose amoeboids, and the cercomonads. It is sometimes described as Testaceafilosia and Sarcomonadea. It has also been described as Sarcomonadea ('' Cercomonas, Heteromita, Bodomorpha, Proleptomonas, Allantion''), Thecofilosea (''Cryptodifflugia, Cryothecomonas''), Spongomonadea ('' Spongomonas, Rhipidodendron''), and Imbricatea ('' Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Allas, Gyromitus, Euglypha, Trinema, Paulinella''). * The testaceans live both in marine and freshwater habitats, and in mosses. Members include '' Lecythium'', '' Pseudodifflugia'', ''Euglypha'' (a euglyphid), and ''Paulinella chromatophora''. * Cercomonads are flagellates that glide on their posterior cilium and/or generate filopodia. Members of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ecological Indicator Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and used by non-scientists to make management decisions. For example, the number of different beetle taxa found in a field can be used as an indicator of biodiversity. Many different types of indicators have been developed. They can be used to reflect a variety of aspects of ecosystems, including biological, chemical and physical. Due to this variety, the development and selection of ecological indicators is a complex process. Using ecological indicators is a pragmatic approach since direct documentation of changes in ecosystems as related to management measures, is cost and time intensive. For example, it would be expensive and time-consuming to count every bird, plant and animal in a newly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nanofilidae ''Nanofila'' () is a genus of marine heterotrophic protists of the phylum Cercozoa. It is the only genus in the family Nanofilidae. It is a monotypic genus, with the sole species ''N. marina''. Morphology ''Nanofila'' are small amoebae with unbranched, granular filopodia. They lack cilia The cilium, plural cilia (), is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell, and certain microorganisms known as ciliates. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projecti ..., have a spherical shape of around 3 μm in diameter, and extend about six extremely thin filopodia that lie flat against the substrate. References External links Cercozoa genera {{Cercozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Soil Management Soil management is the application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance (such as soil fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil health. In agriculture, some amount of soil management is needed both in nonorganic and organic types to prevent agricultural land from becoming poorly productive over decades. Organic farming in particular emphasizes optimal soil management, because it uses soil health as the exclusive or nearly exclusive source of its fertilization and pest control. Soil management is an important tool for addressing climate change by increasing soil carbon and as well as addressing other major environmental issues associated with modern industrial agriculture practices. Project Drawdown highlights three major soil management practices as actionable steps for climate change mitigation: improved nutrient management, conservation agriculture (including No-till agricultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]