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Cowbell Hollow
Cowbell Hollow (also known as Cowbell Hollow Run) is a tributary of White Deer Creek in Union County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through West Buffalo Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody. Wild trout naturally reproduce within it throughout its length. Course Cowbell Hollow begins in a valley on the southeastern edge of a mountain in West Buffalo Township. It flows east-northeast for several tenths of a mile before arriving at the bottom of the mountain and reaching its confluence with White Deer Creek. Cowbell Hollow joins White Deer Creek upstream of its mouth. Hydrology Cowbell Hollow is not designated as an impaired waterbody. Geography and geology The elevation near the mouth of Cowbell Hollow is above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is above sea level. Watershed The watershed of Cowbell Hollow has an area of . The stream's valley is entir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Branch Susquehanna River
The West Branch Susquehanna River is one of the two principal branches, along with the North Branch, of the Susquehanna River in the Northeastern United States. The North Branch, which rises in upstate New York, is generally regarded as the extension of the main branch, with the shorter West Branch being its principal tributary. The West Branch, which is long,U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed August 8, 2011, is entirely within the state of Pennsylvania, draining a large mountainous area within the Allegheny Plateau in the western part of the state. Along most of its course it meanders past mountain ridges and through water gaps, forming a large zigzag arc through central Pennsylvania around the north end of the Allegheny Mountains. In colonial times the river valley provided an important route to the Ohio River valley. In the 19th century, its lower valley became a significant industrial heartland of Penn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Source
The headwaters of a river or stream is the farthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or downstream confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river. It is also known as a river's source. Definition The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that a river's "length may be considered to be the distance from the mouth to the most distant headwater source (irrespective of stream name), or from the mouth to the headwaters of the stream commonly known as the source stream". As an example of the second definition above, the USGS at times considers the Missouri River as a tributary of the Mississippi River. But it also follows the first definition above (along with virtually all other geographic authorities and publications) in using the combined Missouri—lower Mississippi length figure in lists of lengths of rivers around the world. Most rivers have numerous tributaries and change names often; it is customary to regard the longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of Union County, Pennsylvania
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. Rivers are part of the water cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rivers Of Pennsylvania
This is a list of streams and rivers in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. By drainage basin This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. Delaware Bay Chesapeake Bay *''Elk River (MD)'' **Big Elk Creek **Little Elk Creek *''North East River (MD) **North East Creek *Gunpowder River Susquehanna River *Susquehanna River ** Deer Creek **Octoraro Creek *** West Branch Octoraro Creek **** Stewart Run *** East Branch Octoraro Creek **** Muddy Run ** Conowingo Creek ** Fishing Creek (Lancaster County) **Muddy Creek (Susquehanna River tributary) ***North Branch Muddy Creek *** South Branch Muddy Creek ** Tucquan Creek ** Otter Creek **Pequea Creek *** Big Beaver Creek ***Little Beaver Creek ** Conestoga River *** Little Conestoga Creek *** Mill Creek *** Lititz Run ***Cocalico Creek ****Hammer Creek **** Middle Creek **** Indian Run **** Little Cocalico Creek ***Muddy Creek (Conestoga River tributary) **** Little ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunis Run
Tunis Run is a tributary of White Deer Creek in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Miles Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is situated near Hough Gap and a railroad was once built near it. Wild trout naturally reproduce within it. Course Tunis Run begins in a valley between McCall Mountain and Hough Mountain in Miles Township. It flows west for a few tenths of a mile before receiving an unnamed tributary from the left and turning north and then north-northeast, flowing through a valley between McCall Mountain and Hall Mountain. After several tenths of a mile, the stream receives an unnamed tributary from the right and turns north-northwest for a few tenths of a mile, leaving its valley. It then turns northeast. Several tenths of a mile further downstream, the stream reaches its confluence with White Deer Creek. Tunis Run joins White Deer Creek upstream of its mouth. Tributaries Tunis Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sand Spring Run
Sand Spring Run is a tributary of White Deer Creek in Union County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Lewis Township and West Buffalo Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody. It is a mountainous freestone stream and is mostly in Bald Eagle State Forest. Course Sand Spring Run begins in a shallow valley on a mountain in Lewis Township. It flows east for several tenths of a mile, passing through two ponds before turning south for several tenths of a mile as its valley deepens. The stream then turns west-southwest for a few tenths of a mile before turning south-southeast. After a few tenths of a mile, it crosses Interstate 80 and turns east-northeast for a few miles, flowing alongside Interstate 80 through a valley. It then receives an unnamed tributary from the left and enters West Buffalo Township. Here, the stream continues flowing east-northeast for a few miles, rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Bulletin
The ''Pennsylvania Bulletin'' is a weekly journal produced by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Created on a weekly basis by staff in the Legislative Reference Bureau of Pennsylvania, which is housed at the Pennsylvania State Capitol building in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, this publication serves as "the Commonwealth's official gazette for information and rulemaking" and is released for public consumption each Friday at 9 a.m. It lists the recent changes made to various agency rules and regulations within Pennsylvania's state government system and serves as a supplement to the ''Pennsylvania Code''. History In 1968, legislators of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania realized that improvements needed to be made in the way changes to state laws were communicated to state employees and members of the general public. In response, they passed the Commonwealth Documents Law (CDL) (P.L. 769, No. 240) (45 P.S. §§ 1102–1208) on July 31, 1968, establishing the ''Pennsylvania Code'' and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Fish And Boat Commission
The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission is an independent state agency responsible for the regulation of all fishing and boating in the state of Pennsylvania within the United States of America. Unlike many U.S. states, Pennsylvania has a separate Game Commission. Its mission is: to protect, conserve, and enhance the Commonwealth's aquatic resources and provide fishing and boating opportunities. Created by law signed on March 23, 1866 by Governor Andrew Curtin, its original main purpose was to restore fish migrations of American shad within the rivers. Today, its scope manages boat launches, waterways, fish hatcheries, and other properties used for recreational fishing and boating. It also regulates the accessibility through dams on major waterways via fish ladders. Ten members make up the Board of Commissioners who oversee all operations, serving 8-year terms without pay. Among others, the Commission employs waterway conservation officers and biologists, while also utilizin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Black Bear
The American black bear (''Ursus americanus''), also called simply a black bear or sometimes a baribal, is a medium-sized bear endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. American black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in largely forested areas, but will leave forests in search of food, and are sometimes attracted to human communities due to the immediate availability of food. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the American black bear as a least-concern species, due to its widespread distribution and a large population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined. Along with the brown bear (''Ursus arctos''), it is one of only two modern bear species not considered by the IUCN to be globally threatened with extinction. Taxonomy and evolution Despite living in North America, American black bears are not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquatic Life
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem formed by surrounding a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes); lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers); and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time). Types Marine ecosystems Marine coastal ecosystem Marine surface ecosystem Freshwater ecosystems Lentic ecosystem (lakes) Lotic ecosystem (rivers) Wetlands Functions Aquatic ecosystems perform many important environmental functions. For example, they recycle nutrients, purify water, attenuate floods, recharge ground water and provide habitats for wildlife. Aquatic ecosystems are also used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrangle (geography)
A "quadrangle" is a topographic map produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) covering the United States. The maps are usually named after local physiographic features. The shorthand "quad" is also used, especially with the name of the map; for example, "the Ranger Creek, Texas quad". From approximately 1947-1992, the USGS produced the 7.5 minute series, with each map covering an area one-quarter of the older 15-minute quad series, which it replaced. A 7.5 minute quadrangle map covers an area of . Both map series were produced via photogrammetric analysis of aerial photography using stereoplotters supplemented by field surveys. These maps employ the 1927 North American Datum (NAD27); conversion or a change in settings is necessary when using a GPS which by default employ the WGS84 geodetic datum. Beginning in 2009, the USGS made available digital versions of 7.5 minute quadrangle maps based on GIS data that use the NAD83 datum, which is typically within one meter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drainage Basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the '' drainage divide'', made up of a succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills. A basin may consist of smaller basins that merge at river confluences, forming a hierarchical pattern. Other terms for a drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, water basin, and impluvium. In North America, they are commonly called a watershed, though in other English-speaking places, "watershed" is used only in its original sense, that of a drainage divide. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin, the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground. Drainage basins are similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
