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Constitution Of The Czech Republic
The Constitution of the Czech Republic ( cs, link=no, Ústava České republiky) is the supreme law of the Czech Republic. The current constitution was adopted by the Czech National Council on 16 December 1992. It entered into force on 1 January 1993, replacing the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia and the constitutional act No. 143/1968 Col., when Czechoslovakia gave way to the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic in a peaceful dissolution. The constitution is a constitutional act, and together with other constitutional acts constitutes the so-called constitutional order of the Czech Republic, or the constitution (with a small c). While the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms (Listina základních práv a svobod, No. 2/1993 Coll.), an equally important constitutional act, asserts human and civil rights, the Constitution is concerned with state sovereignty and territorial integrity, and defines the institutions governing the state. ThConstitutionis divided in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Empire in 1806, the Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of Czechoslovakia
The dissolution of Czechoslovakia ( cs, Rozdělení Československa, sk, Rozdelenie Česko-Slovenska) took effect on December 31, 1992, and was the self-determined split of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both mirrored the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic, which had been created in 1969 as the constituent states of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic until the end of 1989. It is sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce, a reference to the bloodless Velvet Revolution of 1989, which had led to the end of the rule of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Background Czechoslovakia was created with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. In 1918, a meeting took place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, at which the future Czechoslovak President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and other Czech and Slovak representatives signed the Pittsburgh Agreement, which prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovak Socialist Republic
The Slovak Socialist Republic ( sk, Slovenská socialistická republika, SSR) was from 1969 to 1990 a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, when previously unitary Czechoslovak state changed into a federation. The name was used from 1 January 1969 until November 1989. The Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, SR) was from 1990 to 1992 a republic within the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, that is now the independent Slovakia. History After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 liberalisation reforms were halted and then reversed. The only significant exception was the federalization of the country. The former centralist state of Czechoslovakia was divided in two: the ''Czech Socialist Republic'' and ''Slovak Socialist Republic'' by the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968, which came into effect on 1 January 1969. New national parliaments (the Czech National Council and the Slovak National Council) were created and the old parliament o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Socialist Republic
The Czech Socialist Republic ( cs, Česká socialistická republika, ČSR) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to November 1989, when the previously unitary Czechoslovak state changed into a Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation, federation. From 1990 to 1992, the Czech Republic ( cs, Česká republika, ČR) existed as a federal subject within the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, which later became the independent Czech Republic. History Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1969–89) After the Prague Spring, occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, liberalisation reforms were stopped and reverted. The only exception was the federalization of the country. The former centralist state Czechoslovakia was divided in two parts: the ''Czech Socialist Republic'' and the ''Slovak Socialist Republic'' by the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968, which went into effect on 1 January 1969. New national parl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council (Slovakia)
The National Council of the Slovak Republic ( sk, Národná rada Slovenskej republiky), abbreviated to ''NR SR'', is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral and consists of 150 members, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation with seats distributed via Hagenbach-Bischoff quota every four years. Slovakia's parliament has been called the 'National Council' since 1 October 1992. From 1969 to 1992, its predecessor, the parliament of the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia, was called the Slovak National Council ( sk, Slovenská národná rada). The National Council approves domestic legislation, constitutional laws, and the annual budget. Its consent is required to ratify international treaties, and is responsible for approving military operations. It also elects individuals to some positions in the executive and judiciary, as specified by law. The parliament building is in Bratislava, Slovakia's capital, next to Bratislava Castle in Ale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Act On The Czechoslovak Federation
The Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation ( cs, Ústavní zákon o československé federaci, sk, Ústavný zákon o česko-slovenskej federácii) was a constitutional law in Czechoslovakia adopted on 27 October 1968 and in force from 1969 to 1992. It converted the previously unitary Czechoslovak state into a federation. Federation For nearly all of its existence as an independent nation, Czechoslovakia had been a unitary state; the lone exception being the " Czecho-Slovakia era" immediately prior to World War II. The concentration of governmental authority in Prague was a source of discontent within Slovakia throughout the 1960s. As part of the Prague Spring reforms, Communist Party leader Alexander Dubcek, himself a Slovak, sought to grant more autonomy to the Slovaks. Indeed, the resulting reform was virtually the only product of the Prague Spring to survive. The promulgation of the Constitutional Law of Federation amended fifty-eight articles of the 1960 Constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)
The National Assembly (, ) was the unicameral parliament of Communist Czechoslovakia from 1948 until the federalization of Czechoslovakia The Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation ( cs, Ústavní zákon o československé federaci, sk, Ústavný zákon o česko-slovenskej federácii) was a Organic law, constitutional law in Czechoslovakia adopted on 27 October 1968 and ... in 1969, replaced by the Federal Assembly. It was Czechoslovakia's highest legislative institution. Name Changes })( sk, Národné zhromaždenie republiky Československej) , 1948–1960 , - , National Assembly ofthe Czechoslovak Socialist Republic , ( cs, Národní shromáždění Československé socialistické republiky)( sk, Národné zhromaždenie Československej socialistickej republiky) , 1960–1969 , - Presidents of the National Assembly References External links Joint Czech-Slovak Digital Parliamentary Library {{National unicameral legislatures Parliaments of Czechoslovaki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they desire to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and party-list proportional representation for the election of a legislature. By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier municipality and an upper-tier regional district or municipality. Examples Legislatures * The European Parliament has been directly elected every five years since 1979. Member states determine how to elect their representatives, but, among other requirements, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech National Bank
The Czech National Bank, ( cs, Česká národní banka, ČNB) is the central bank and financial market supervisor in the Czech Republic, headquartered in Prague. It is and a member of the European System of Central Banks. It was established on from the division of the State Bank of Czechoslovakia as part of the process of dissolution of Czechoslovakia, together with the National Bank of Slovakia. In accordance with its primary objective, the CNB sets monetary policy, issues banknotes and coins and manages the circulation of the Czech koruna, the payment system and settlement between banks. It also performs supervision of the banking sector, the capital market, the insurance industry, pension funds, credit unions and electronic money institutions, as well as foreign exchange supervision. Overview of the Czech National Bank Mission The primary objective of CNB as stated in the Act on the Czech National Bank and the Constitution of the Czech Republic is price stability. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Audit Office Of The Czech Republic
The Supreme Audit Office of the Czech Republic ( cs, Nejvyšší kontrolní úřad)alternately known in English as the Supreme Control Office of the Czech Republicis a "unique, independent constitutional entity to supervise the management of the state property and the state budget." It was a part of the original form of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, created by Article 97 of that document on 1 January 1993.Constitution of the Czech Republic However, because the constitution left all of the details of the operation of the office up to future , it was not until Act 166/1993 came into effect on 1 July 1993 that the office could in practice be formed. ...
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Judiciary Of The Czech Republic
The Judiciary of the Czech Republic is set out in the Constitution, which defines courts as independent institutions within the constitutional framework of checks and balances. The whole of chapter four of the Constitution of the Czech Republic is dedicated to defining the role of judicial power in the Czech Republic. It states the main function of courts of law is the protection of rights in a manner defined by legislation, and gives them sole responsibility for determining guilt and administering penalties for criminal offences. Courts are defined as independent, although their administration is in the hands of the Ministry of Justice. Czech courts are presided over by professional judges, who are named for life by the President and normally may not be recalled or transferred against their will. The Czech Republic has a four-tier system of courts and two-instance proceedings.European Union. European Commission"The System of Courts in the Czech Republic".''European Judicial At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of The Czech Republic
The Government of the Czech Republic ( cz, Vláda České republiky) exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy prime minister and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. Overview The government is led by the Prime Minister, who selects all the remaining ministers at hand. The Government of the Czech Republic is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies from the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Czech Republic. The current Prime Minister is Petr Fiala. Current Cabinet The current government, sworn in on December 17, 2021 is the 16th since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993. It has # members and a prime minister. The cabinet consists of the following members: Advisory and Working Bodies of the Government Councils * National Security Council A national security ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
