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Conseil Supérieur De L'audiovisuel
The (, ''lit.'' ''Superior Audiovisual Council''), abbreviated CSA, was a French institution created in 1989 whose role was to regulate the various electronic media in France, such as radio and television. The creation of the was a measure founded in the Socialist Party's electoral program of 1981, called 110 Propositions for France. The CSA replaced the (CNCL), which itself replaced the , created in 1982 to supervise the attribution of radio frequencies to the private radio sector, which was judged better than allowing the anarchic creation of the ("free radios"), mainly composed of amateurs and NGOs. The CSA always acted after content was shown on a TV channel or heard on a radio, so it was not a censorship instance. Notably, the CSA asked the Government of France to forbid Al-Manar TV in 2005 because of charges of hate speech; it also claimed that MED TV was close to the Kurdish PKK, on grounds not of "evidences" but of "concording elements". On September 24, 2019, F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Conseil Supérieur De L'audiovisuel
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a Typographic ligature, ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon (publishing), colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clandestine Radio
Pirate radio or a pirate radio station is a radio station that broadcasts without a valid license. In some cases, radio stations are considered legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary. In other cases, a broadcast may be considered "pirate" due to the nature of its content, its transmission format (especially a failure to transmit a station identification according to regulations), or the transmit power (wattage) of the station, even if the transmission is not technically illegal (such as an amateur radio transmission). Pirate radio is sometimes called bootleg radio (a term especially associated with two-way radio), clandestine radio (associated with heavily politically motivated operations) or free radio. History Radio "piracy" began with the advent of regulations of the airwaves at the dawn of the age of radio. Initially, radio, or wireless as it was more commonly called at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Agencies Of France
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The major types of political systems in the modern era are democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny. These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entertainment Rating Organizations
Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention. Although people's attention is held by different things because individuals have different preferences, most forms of entertainment are recognisable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures and were supported in royal courts and developed into sophisticated forms, over time becoming available to all citizens. The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products. Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Media In France
Compared to other European nations, the French are not avid newspaper readers, citing only 164 adults out of every 1000 as newspaper readers. The French press was healthiest in the aftermath of World War II. A year after the end of the war, 28 papers had a combined circulation of about 7 million. However, seven years later that figure had been nearly halved. This decline was principally due to the greater popularity of the broadcast media and the subsequent diversion of advertising revenues. Since 2000 newly produced free papers have further weakened the established press. Still, 80 daily papers remain, and there are a wide range of weeklies, many of which now feature internet sites. Regional papers have remained relatively unaffected by the decline, with provincial newspapers commanding a higher degree of reader loyalty. For example, ''Ouest-France'', sells almost twice as many copies as any of the national dailies. Books *Hachette Livre *Editis Newspapers In the early 21st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirate Radio In France
Pirate radio exists in most countries in Europe. Belgium (from international waters) (See also Netherlands; many Dutch language stations were aimed at both countries) *1962 ::Radio Antwerpen broadcast from the concrete vessel ''Uilenspiegel''. Owner Georges De Caluwé died in December that year, and three days later the ship broke its anchor and ran aground across the border in the Netherlands. *1973 ::Radio Atlantis broadcast in Dutch from the Merchant vessel ''Mi Amigo''. When its contract was taken over by Radio Mi Amigo, Radio Atlantis transferred to the MV ''Jeanine'' in 1974 and added an English service, but its signal was poor and it closed on 31 August, the day before the passage of the Dutch MOA, one hour after Radio Veronica and one hour before RNI. *1974 ::Radio Mi Amigo broadcast in Dutch from the MV ''Mi Amigo'' (Radio Caroline's ship) 1974–1978, and from the MV ''Magdalena'' (1979). Denmark *1958 ::Radio Mercur begins transmissions from the MV Cheeta on 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ken Park
''Ken Park'' is a 2002 erotic drama which revolves around the abusive and dysfunctional lives of several teenagers, set in the city of Visalia, California. It was written by Harmony Korine, who based it on Larry Clark's journals and stories. The film was directed and shot by Clark and Edward Lachman. The film is an international co-production of the United States, the Netherlands, and France. Plot The title character Ken Park (nicknamed "Krap Nek": his name spelled and pronounced backward), is a teenager skateboarding across Visalia, California. He arrives at a skate park, where he casually sets up a camcorder, smiles, and shoots himself in the temple with a handgun. His death is used to bookend the film, which follows the lives of four other teenagers who knew him. Shawn is the most stable of the four main characters. Throughout the story, he has an ongoing sexual relationship with his girlfriend's mother Rhonda, whom he tells that he fantasizes that he is with her when having s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michèle Léridon
Michèle Léridon (10 November 1958 – 3 May 2021) was a French journalist and news director. A longtime journalist and editor at Agence France-Presse (AFP), she was its global news director from 2014 to 2019, when she became a member of the French Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel. Early life and education Michèle Léridon was born in Canteleu, the daughter of a physician and a radiologist, and was educated at the in Ouillins. She earned degrees in economics from the Lumière University Lyon 2 and in journalism from the Centre de formation des journalistes in Paris. Career Léridon began her career in 1977, working as a reporter for two regional newspapers, ' and ''La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest'', then at the magazine ''L'Usine Nouvelle''. She joined AFP in 1981, working first in France and covering media news during privatisation, and later in Africa, where she covered wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia and became the first woman director of the agency's Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France Info (radio Network)
France Info () is a radio network operated by the French public service radio broadcaster Radio France. It provides continuous live news and information. Broadcasting on FM (as well as being streamed on the internet), France Info is receivable across France and audible too in the border regions of neighbouring countries, including southern parts of the United Kingdom, especially the southeastern coastal region of England. History France Info was founded in 1987 by Roland Faure and Jérôme Bellay. Year on year its audience has grown, notably after the social conflicts of 1995, 2003, and 2006. It is frequently estimated to be the fourth largest French radio network in terms of listener numbers, after RTL, NRJ and France Inter. France Info has offices in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Toulouse, and also makes use of local-news input from the France Bleu network. [Baidu] |
Regulatory Authority For Audiovisual And Digital Communication
The Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (; ARCOM) is the resulting from the merger on 1 January 2022 of the High Audiovisual Council (CSA) and the High Authority for the Distribution of Works and Protection of Rights on the Internet (Hadopi). ARCOM is responsible for both audiovisual and digital communications. Among its objectives are the fight against digital piracy, and illegal mirror sites. In addition, legislative measures have been taken to give the agency new powers in the fight against the illegal broadcasting of sports events and competitions. In addition to protection of minors by content classification and the required notification by publishers of works subject to restrictions, additional public protection initiatives are provided for by the (also known as the ""—fake news law), the ("Avia law"), the (the "non-separatism" law), and the law against violence against women. See also * Autorité de Régulation des Communications Éle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HADOPI Law
The French HADOPI law or Creation and Internet law (french: Haute Autorité pour la Diffusion des Œuvres et la Protection des droits d'auteur sur Internet, ; or, loosely in English, "Supreme Authority for the Distribution of Works and Protection of Copyright on the Internet") was introduced during 2009, providing what is known as a graduated response as a means to encourage compliance with copyright laws. HADOPI is the acronym of the government agency created to administer it. The part of the ''HADOPI law'' that allowed for suspension of Internet access to a repeat infringer was revoked on 8 July 2013 by the French government because that penalty was considered to be disproportionate. The power to impose fines or other sanctions on repeat infringers remains in effect. In January 2022, the Hadopi agency merged with the High Audiovisual Council (CSA), to form the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (; ARCOM). Legislative passage Despite strong backing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
