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Confectionery Workers' Union Of Australia
The Confectionery Workers' Union of Australia (CWUA) was an Australian trade union which existed between 1925 and 1992. Until 1986, it was known as the Federated Confectioners' Association of Australia (FCA). Throughout its existence, it represented factory workers in the confectionery industry, including a high proportion of women. It was also notable for its involvement in the landmark Dollar Sweets Dispute. Background During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, confectionery production expanded dramatically in Australia. Large domestic companies such as MacRobertsons were established. After the Federation of Australia, these companies grew as they gained access to a national market. Later, World War I saw Britain's share of the market decline rapidly as shipping lanes were disrupted. As the domestic industry grew, production became increasingly mechanised, and the composition of the workforce changed as a result. While in the 1880s, confectionery was a male-dom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACTU
The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), originally the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated trade union, unions and eight trades and labour councils. The ACTU is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation. The President of the ACTU is Michele O'Neil, who was elected on 28 July 2018. The current Secretary is Sally McManus. Objectives The objectives of the ACTU, found in its constitution, are: * the Social ownership, socialisation of industry, * the organisation of wage and salary earners in the Australian workforce (within the trade union movement), * the utilisation of Australian resources to maintain full employment, establish equitable living standards which increase in line with output, and create opportunities for the development of talent. Organisation The ACTU holds a biennial congress that is attended by approximately 800 delegates from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bob Hawke
Robert James Lee Hawke (9 December 1929 – 16 May 2019) was an Australian politician and union organiser who served as the 23rd prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991, holding office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). Previously he served as the president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions from 1969 to 1980 and president of the Labor Party national executive from 1973 to 1980. Hawke was born in Border Town, South Australia. He attended the University of Western Australia and went on to study at University College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, during which time he set a world record for downing a yard of ale in 11 seconds. In 1956, Hawke joined the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) as a research officer. Having risen to become responsible for national wage case arbitration, he was elected as president of the ACTU in 1969, where he achieved a high public profile. In 1973, he was appointed as president of the Labor Party. In 1980 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Kroger
Michael Norman Kroger (born 30 May 1957) is a former Australian lawyer. He was president of the Victorian Liberal Party from 1987 to 1992 and from 2015 to 2018, and is considered a member of the conservative faction. Early life Kroger was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, where his father Jack Kroger was a senior master. He became politically active while studying at Monash University where he graduated with Bachelor of Jurisprudence and Bachelor of Laws degrees. He became president of the Australian Liberal Students' Federation in 1978. Politics In 1985, Kroger briefed Alan Goldberg QC to lead junior barrister and future federal Treasurer Peter Costello to represent Confectionery Manufacturers of Australia in the Dollar Sweets case. Kroger currently has an estranged relationship with Costello. From 1987 to 1992, Kroger served as president of the Victorian Liberal Party. He instituted a series of reforms, including a move to increase the power of the party executive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasurer Of Australia
The Treasurer of Australia (or Federal Treasurer) is a high ranking official and senior minister of the Crown in the Government of Australia who is the head of the Ministry of the Treasury which is responsible for government expenditure and for collecting revenue. The Treasurer plays a key role in the economic policy of the government. The current Australian Treasurer is Jim Chalmers whose term began on 23 May 2022. The Treasurer implements ministerial powers through the Department of the Treasury and a range of other government agencies. According to constitutional convention, the Treasurer is always a member of the Parliament of Australia with a seat in the House of Representatives. The office is generally seen as equivalent to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the United Kingdom or the Secretary of the Treasury in the United States or, in some other countries, the finance minister. It is one of only four ministerial positions (along with Prime Minister, Minister for Def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Chamber Of Commerce And Industry
The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) is Australia's largest and most representative business association, comprising state and territory chambers of commerce and national industry associations. ACCI represents Australian businesses of all shapes and sizes, across all sectors of the economy, and from every corner of the country. ACCI contributes to public discussion and government decision-making on issues that impact on business, including economics, trade, workplace relations, work health and safety and employment, education and training. The Chamber also speaks on behalf of Australian business in international forums. The current chief executive of ACCI is Andrew McKellar and the president is Nola Watson. The organization is headquartered in Canberra, with offices in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. Leadership Chief Executive Officers * Ian Spicer AM, 1992-1996 * Mark Paterson AO, 1996-2001 * Lyndon Rowe, (acting) 2001-2002 * Dr Peter Hendy, 2002-2008 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian Chamber Of Commerce And Industry
The Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry is the largest and most influential not-for-profit business organisation in Victoria, informing and supporting 47,000 members and clients across the state. Founded in 1851 with headquarters in Melbourne, the influential employer group is focused on leading business into the future by providing policy leadership, information, representation, training and networking opportunities. As a major shareholder of the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Victorian Chamber plays a critical role in policy development at both state and federal level. Campaigns centre on securing practical and direct gains for Victorian business in areas including workplace relations, taxation, regulation, infrastructure and skills. With an annual turnover of $40 million, the Victorian Chamber employs around 220 staff across its Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo, Geelong, Wodonga and Traralgon offices. History The Victorian Chamber was founded as the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Right
New Right is a term for various right-wing political groups or policies in different countries during different periods. One prominent usage was to describe the emergence of certain Eastern European parties after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the United States, the Second New Right campaigned against abortion, homosexuality, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), the Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most forms of taxation. History ''New Right'' appeared during the 1964 presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater to designate the emergence, in response to American-style liberalism (i.e., social liberalism), of a more combative, anti-egalitarian, and uninhibited right. Popularized by Richard Viguerie, the term became later used to describe a broader movement in the English-speaking world: those proponents of the night-watchman state but who also tended to be socially conservative, such as Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Turgut Özal, Augusto Pinochet or New Zeala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Law
In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions."The common law is not a brooding omnipresence in the sky, but the articulate voice of some sovereign or quasi sovereign that can be identified," ''Southern Pacific Company v. Jensen'', 244 U.S. 205, 222 (1917) (Oliver Wendell Holmes, dissenting). By the early 20th century, legal professionals had come to reject any idea of a higher or natural law, or a law above the law. The law arises through the act of a sovereign, whether that sovereign speaks through a legislature, executive, or judicial officer. The defining characteristic of common law is that it arises as precedent. Common law courts look to the past decisions of courts to synthesize the legal principles of past cases. '' Stare decisis'', the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Industrial Relations Commission
The Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC), known from 1956 to 1973 as the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and from 1973 to 1988 as the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, was a tribunal with powers under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (and equivalent earlier legislation) that existed from 1956 until 2010. It was the central institution of Australian labour law. The AIRC replaced a previous system of industrial courts, which broadly speaking, was engaged in the same functions, but with superior independence and powers. History Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration and the ''Boilermakers'' decision The Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, a court created in 1904 to hear and arbitrate industrial disputes, and to make awards, was abolished in 1956 following the decision of the High Court in '' the Boilermakers' case''. The High Court held that the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, as a tribunal exe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity Action
Solidarity action (also known as secondary action, a secondary boycott, a solidarity strike, or a sympathy strike) is industrial action by a trade union in support of a strike initiated by workers in a separate corporation, but often the same enterprise, group of companies, or connected firm. In Australia, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United States, and the United Kingdom, solidarity action is illegal, and strikes can only be against the contractual employer. Germany, Italy and Spain have restrictions in place that restrict the circumstances in which solidarity action can take place (see European labour law). The term "secondary action" is often used with the intention of distinguishing different types of trade dispute with a worker's direct contractual employer. Thus, a secondary action is a dispute with the employer's parent company, its suppliers, financiers, contracting parties, or any other employer in another industry. Australia In Australia, secondary boy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Costello
Peter Howard Costello (born 14 August 1957) is an Australian businessman, lawyer and former politician who served as the treasurer of Australia in government of John Howard from 1996 to 2007. He is the longest-serving treasurer in Australia's history. Costello was a member of parliament (MP) of the Australian House of Representatives from 1990 to 2009, representing the Division of Higgins. He also served as the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 1994 to 2007. On 18 September 2008, Costello was appointed as chairman of the World Bank's new Independent Advisory Board (IAB) to provide advice on anti-corruption measures. Costello has served as Chairman of Nine Entertainment Co. since February 2016. Costello is Chairman of the Board of Guardians of Australian Future Fund. Early life Costello was born on 14 August 1957 in Melbourne into a middle-class family of practising Christians. He was the second of three children; his elder brother, Tim, is a prominent Baptist minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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