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Computer Misuse Act 1990
The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, introduced partly in response to the decision in ''R v Gold & Schifreen'' (1988) 1 AC 1063 (see below). Critics of the bill complained that it was introduced hastily and was poorly thought out. Intention, they said, was often difficult to prove, and that the bill inadequately differentiated "joyriding" hackers like Gold and Schifreen from serious computer criminals. The Act has nonetheless become a model from which several other countries, including Canada and the Republic of Ireland, have drawn inspiration when subsequently drafting their own information security laws, as it is seen "as a robust and flexible piece of legislation in terms of dealing with cybercrime”. Several amendments have been passed to keep the Act up to date. ''R v Gold & Schifreen'' Robert Schifreen and Stephen Gold, using conventional home computers and modems in late 1984 and early 1985, gained unauthorised access to Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Colvin
Michael Keith Beale Colvin (27 September 1932 – 24 February 2000) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West in 1979. From 1983 onwards, he was the MP for Romsey and Waterside constituency in Hampshire, which later became the constituency of Romsey. Early life and career Michael Colvin was born in London to Captain Ivan Beale Colvin and Joy Arbuthnot. He had a brother, Alistair Colvin, four years his junior. He was educated at West Downs School in Winchester, Eton College; and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. Joining the Grenadier Guards at 18, he served in Berlin, Suez and Cyprus, and became a captain. Active in local government at first, he was an elected member of the Tangley parish council, Andover rural district council and Hampshire County Council. He had left Hampshire local government by the mid-1970s. Parliamentary career Policy positions He won his first parliamentary seat in 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoulder Surfing (computer Security)
In computer security, shoulder surfing is a type of social engineering technique used to obtain information such as personal identification numbers (PINs), passwords and other confidential data by looking over the victim's shoulder. Unauthorized users watch the keystrokes inputted on a device or listen to sensitive information being spoken, which is also known as eavesdropping. Methods and history This attack can be performed either at close range (by directly looking over the victim's shoulder) or from a longer range with, for example a pair of binoculars or similar hardware. Attackers do not need any technical skills in order to perform this method, and keen observation of victims' surroundings and the typing pattern is sufficient. In the early 1980s, shoulder surfing was practiced near public pay phones to steal calling card digits and make long-distance calls or sell them in the market for cheaper prices than the original purchaser paid. However, the advent of modern-day te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scots Law
Scots law () is the legal system of Scotland. It is a hybrid or mixed legal system containing civil law and common law elements, that traces its roots to a number of different historical sources. Together with English law and Northern Ireland law, it is one of the three legal systems of the United Kingdom.Stair, General Legal Concepts (Reissue), para. 4 (Online) Retrieved 2011-11-29 Early Scots law before the 12th century consisted of the different legal traditions of the various cultural groups who inhabited the country at the time, the Gaels in most of the country, with the Britons and Anglo-Saxons in some districts south of the Forth and with the Norse in the islands and north of the River Oykel. The introduction of feudalism from the 12th century and the expansion of the Kingdom of Scotland established the modern roots of Scots law, which was gradually influenced by other, especially Anglo-Norman and continental legal traditions. Although there was some indirect Roman la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Law Commission
The Scottish Law Commission is an advisory non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. It was established in 1965 to keep Scots law under review and recommend necessary reforms to improve, simplify and update the country's legal system. It was established by the Law Commissions Act 1965 (as amended) at the same time as the Law Commission in England and Wales. Appointments are ordinarily made in accordance with the Commissioner for Public Appointments in Scotland's Code of Practice. The commission is part of the Commonwealth Association of Law Reform Agencies. Functions The Commission exists to keep Scots law under review and recommend reform as needed. The commission's scope encompasses devolved and reserved matters, as defined by the Scotland Act 1998 and as such has duty for laws that are the responsibility of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as well as those that are the responsibility of the Scottish Parliament. Composition The commission consists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Commission (England And Wales)
In England and Wales the Law Commission ( cy, Comisiwn y Gyfraith) is an independent law commission set up by Parliament by the Law Commissions Act 1965 to keep the law of England and Wales under review and to recommend reforms. The organisation is headed by a Chairman (currently Sir Nicholas Green, a judge of the Court of Appeal) and four Law Commissioners. It proposes changes to the law that will make the law simpler, more accessible, fairer, modern and more cost-effective. It consults widely on its proposals and in the light of the responses to public consultation, it presents recommendations to the UK Parliament that, if legislated upon, would implement its law reform recommendations. The commission is part of the Commonwealth Association of Law Reform Agencies. Activities The Law Commissions Act 1965 requires the Law Commission to submit "programmes for the examination of different branches of the law" to the Lord Chancellor for his approval before undertaking new work. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procrustes
In Greek mythology, Procrustes (; Greek: Προκρούστης ''Prokroustes'', "the stretcher ho hammers out the metal), also known as Prokoptas, Damastes (Δαμαστής, "subduer") or Polypemon, was a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who attacked people by stretching them or cutting off their legs, so as to force them to fit the size of an iron bed. The word "Procrustean" is thus used to describe situations where an arbitrary standard is used to measure success, while completely disregarding obvious harm that results from the effort. Family Procrustes was a son of Poseidon and, by Sylea (daughter of Corinth), a father of Sinis, another malefactor captured and killed by Theseus. Mythology Procrustes had a stronghold on Mount Korydallos at Erineus, on the sacred way between Athens and Eleusis. There he had a bed, in which he invited every passer-by to spend the night, and where he set to work on them with his smith's hammer, to stretch them to fit. In later tellin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Brandon, Baron Brandon Of Oakbrook
Henry Vivian Brandon, Baron Brandon of Oakbrook, MC, PC (3 June 1920 – 24 March 1999) was a British judge. Early life and career Brandon was born in Worthing, Sussex, the younger son of Captain Vivian Ronald Brandon RN and of Joan Elizabeth Maud Simpson. He was educated at Durston House, Winchester College, and King's College, Cambridge, where he initially read Classics. His studies were interrupted by World War II. He was commissioned into the Royal Artillery and won the Military Cross for directing artillery fire behind Vichy lines in Madagascar. After the war he returned to Cambridge, graduating with a First in Law in 1946. The same year he was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1946. He practiced in the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court, becoming the only man at the bar to build up a practice in all three areas. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1961. Judicial career Brandon was appointed to the High Court in 1966, at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Functions Of The House Of Lords
Whilst the House of Lords of the United Kingdom is the upper chamber of Parliament and has government ministers, it for many centuries had a judicial function. It functioned as a court of first instance for the trials of peers, for impeachments, and as a court of last resort in the United Kingdom and prior, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England. Appeals were technically not to the House of Lords, but rather to the King-in-Parliament. In 1876, the Appellate Jurisdiction Act devolved the appellate functions of the House to an Appellate Committee, composed of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (informally referred to as Law Lords). They were then appointed by the Lord Chancellor in the same manner as other judges. During the 20th and early 21st century, the judicial functions were gradually removed. Its final trial of a peer was in 1935, and in 1948, the use of special courts for such trials was abolished. The procedure of impeachment became seen as obsolete. In 2009, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Appeal (England And Wales)
The Court of Appeal (formally "His Majesty's Court of Appeal in England", commonly cited as "CA", "EWCA" or "CoA") is the highest court within the Senior Courts of England and Wales, and second in the legal system of England and Wales only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Court of Appeal was created in 1875, and today comprises 39 Lord Justices of Appeal and Lady Justices of Appeal. The court has two divisions, Criminal and Civil, led by the Lord Chief Justice and the Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England respectively. Criminal appeals are heard in the Criminal Division, and civil appeals in the Civil Division. The Criminal Division hears appeals from the Crown Court, while the Civil Division hears appeals from the County Court, High Court of Justice and Family Court. Permission to appeal is normally required from either the lower court or the Court of Appeal itself; and with permission, further appeal may lie to the Supreme Court. The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specimen Charges
A specimen charge is a type of criminal charge that can be made under the United Kingdom's legal system. It can be made when an individual is being charged with numerous violations of the same offence. It is used to simplify charging the person, as they would otherwise have to be charged with each individual offence. An example of someone being convicted on specimen charges is a 2005 case in England where a man pleaded guilty to specimen charges after he was found to be in possession of 19,000 indecent images of children. Another example would be the Denmark Place fire trial, where the culprit, whose act of arson Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, wate ... had killed 37 people, was given a specimen charge of the murder of just one of the victims. Other examples of when specime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwark Crown Court
The Crown Court at Southwark, commonly but inaccurately called Southwark Crown Court, is one of two locations of the Crown Court in the London SE1 postcode area, along with the Crown Court at Inner London. Opened in 1983, the brick building is located at 1 English Grounds (off Battlebridge Lane) on the South Bank of the River Thames between London Bridge and Tower Bridge, near Hay's Galleria. It contains 15 courtrooms, making it the fourth largest court centre in the country, and is designated as a serious fraud centre. It is on the South Eastern Circuit. See also *Blackfriars Crown Court *Inner London Crown Court The Inner London Sessions House Crown Court, more commonly known as the Inner London Crown Court and distinct from the Magistrates' court (England and Wales), Inner London Magistrates' Court, is a Crown Court building in Newington, London, Newingt ... References External links Court information 1983 establishments in England Buildings and structures in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forgery And Counterfeiting Act 1981
The Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 (c 45) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which makes it illegal to make fake versions of many things, including legal documents, contracts, audio and visual recordings, and money of the United Kingdom and certain ''protected coins''. It replaces the Forgery Act 1913, the Coinage Offences Act 1936 and parts of the Forgery Act 1861. It implements recommendations made by the Law Commission in their report on forgery and counterfeit currency. Part I – Forgery and kindred offences These offences are the intentional creation and publication of documents which, if not fake, would have legal force. These sections of the law cover all manner of documents, for example wills, contracts, and promissory notes. Section 1 creates the offence of forgery. Section 2 creates the offence of copying a false instrument. Section 3 creates the offence of using a false instrument. Section 4 creates the offence of using a copy of a fals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
