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Company Commander (play-by-mail Game)
''Company Commander'' is a play-by-mail wargame initially published by Schubel & Son in the 1980s. Jason Oats Games is the current publisher. Development Schubel & Son ''Schubel & Son'' was a hobby and gaming company that published play-by-mail (PBM) games. The company began in 1974 and expanded to large-scale PBM games in August 1978. It also published the game ''The Tribes of Crane'' in 1978, followed by ''Sta ... published ''Company Commander'' in the 1980s. As of 1991, the company Escape from Reality was at least the third publisher of the game. As of August 2019, Jason Oats Games was the publisher. The setting for the game has changed over time. In 1986, it was Thailand. In 1991, the setting was Egypt. Chenevert 1991. p. 14. In 2001, the setting for the game was a fictional country in South America. As of 2022, the current game—version 13—takes place in a country called Malanesia, a combination of the countries of Malaysia and Indonesia. Gameplay The game is clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Strategy
Military strategy is a set of ideas implemented by military organizations to pursue desired strategic goals. Derived from the Greek word '' strategos'', the term strategy, when it appeared in use during the 18th century, was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the general", or "'the art of arrangement" of troops. Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the deception of the enemy. The father of Western modern strategic studies, Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831), defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." B. H. Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy". Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. Sun Tzu (544–496 BC) is often considered as the father of Eastern military strategy and greatly influenced Chinese, Japanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island ( dependency of Norway), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Play-by-mail Games
A play-by-mail game (also known as a PBM game, PBEM game, or a turn-based game) is a game played through postal mail, email or other digital media. Correspondence chess and Go were among the first PBM games. ''Diplomacy'' has been played by mail since 1963, introducing a multi-player aspect to PBM games. Flying Buffalo Inc. pioneered the first commercially available PBM game in 1970. A small number of PBM companies followed in the 1970s, with an explosion of hundreds of startup PBM companies in the 1980s at the peak of PBM gaming popularity, many of them small hobby companies—more than 90 percent of which eventually folded. A number of independent PBM magazines also started in the 1980s, including '' The Nuts & Bolts of PBM'', '' Gaming Universal'', ''Paper Mayhem'' and ''Flagship''. These magazines eventually went out of print, replaced in the 21st century by the online PBM journal ''Suspense and Decision''. Play-by-mail games—becoming known as "turn-based games" in the di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiplayer Games
A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some video games). Games are sometimes played purely for enjoyment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by professionals. The players may have an audience of non-players, such as when people are entertained by watching a chess championship. On the other hand, players in a game may constitute their own audience as they take their turn to play. Often, part of the entertainment for children playing a game is deciding who is part of their audience and who is a player. A toy and a game are not the same. Toys generally allow for unrestricted play whereas games come with present rules. K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Play-by-mail Games
This is a list of play-by-mail (PBM) games. It includes games played only by postal mail, those played by mail with a play-by-email (PBEM) option, and games played in a turn-based format only by email or other digital format. It is unclear what the earliest play-by mail game is between chess and Go. ''Diplomacy'' was first played by mail in 1963. In the early 1970s, in the United States, Rick Loomis of Flying Buffalo Inc, began a number of play-by-mail games; this included games such as ''Nuclear Destruction'' (1970). This marked the beginning of the professional PBM industry. Other publishers followed suit, with significant expansion across the industry in the 1980s. This supported the publication of a number of newsletters from individual play-by-mail companies as well as independent publications such as '' Gaming Universal'', ''Paper Mayhem'', and ''Flagship'' which focused solely on the play-by-mail gaming industry. The sourcing of play-by-mail games in this list largely com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper Mayhem
''Paper Mayhem'' is an out-of-print play-by-mail (PBM) game magazine that was published in Ottawa, Illinois. The staff published the initial issue in July 1983 and the magazine ran until mid-1998. Its format was 40 pages published six times per year. Moore 1988. p. 4. The magazine was the most well-known of the play-by-mail periodicals of the period, providing articles and reviews of play-by-mail games, as well as reader-informed ratings of play-by-mail companies, game masters (GMs) and games, both intermittently and on an annual basis. The magazine, along with its long-time editor-in-chief, David Webber, was influential in the play-by-mail community, even echoing into 21st century play-by-mail activities. The publication ceased suddenly in mid-1998 following the unexpected death of Webber. History Rick Loomis of the game company Flying Buffalo, Inc. stated that, after the early 1970s, the play-by-mail community had sufficient interest to support only two magazines: ''Paper Mayh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jul02
Jul most commonly refers to: * July, as an abbreviation for the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian calendar Jul or JUL may also refer to: Celebrations * ''Jul'', Scandinavian and Germanic word for Yule * '' Jul (Denmark)'', the Danish Yule or Christmas celebration * '' Jul (Norway)'', the Norwegian Yule or Christmas celebration * '' Jul (Sweden)'', the Swedish Yule or Christmas celebration Music * Jul (rapper), French hip hop artist, singer, rapper. Name stylized as JUL * "Jul" (song), 1983 Christmas single by Ralf Peeker * ''Jul'' (Carola Søgaard album), 1991 Christmas album by Loa Falkman * ''Jul'' (Loa Falkman album), 2013 Christmas album by Loa Falkman Other uses * Inca Manco Capac International Airport (IATA code) * jul, ISO 639-3 of the Jirel language * Yugoslav Left (Serbo-Croatian: '), a former political party of Serbia See also * Yule (other) * Juul (other) * Joule, a unit of energy * "Jul, jul, strålande jul", Christmas song * J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tem02
Tem or TEM may refer to: Acronyms * Threat and error management, an aviation safety management model. * Telecom Expense Management * Telecom Equipment Manufacturer * TEM (currency), local to Volos, Greece * TEM (nuclear propulsion), a Russian spacecraft propulsion system * Test For English Majors, like College English Test in China * Tram Elettrici Mendrisiensi, a former tramway in Ticino, Switzerland * Transient electromagnetics * Transmission electron microscopy (or microscope) * Transverse electromagnetic mode, a transverse mode * Trans-European Motorways, a regional project * Triethylenemelamine, a chemotherapeutic agent People, personnages, characters * Atum or Tem, an Egyptian deity * Tem (queen), an ancient Egyptian queen consort * Tem people of Togo, living around Sokodé Places * Tem, Tajikistan, a small town just outside Khorugh in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province * Temora Airport (IATA airport code TEM) Other uses * Tem language * TEM beta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oat22
The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal and rolled oats, one of the most common uses is as livestock feed. Oats are a nutrient-rich food associated with lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. Avenins are oat gluten proteins, similar to gliadin in wheat. They can trigger celiac disease in a small proportion of people. Also, oat products are frequently contaminated by other gluten-containing grains, mainly wheat and barley. Origin The wild ancestor of ''Avena sativa'' and the closely related minor crop '' A. byzantina'' is '' A. sterilis''. ''A. sterilis'' is a wild oat that is naturally hexaploid. Genetic evidence shows the ancestral forms of ''A. sterilis'' grew in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East. Oats are usually thought to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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