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Compagnie Des Mines De Béthune
The Compagnie des mines de Béthune, sometimes called the sometimes called the Compagnie de Grenay after the name of the concession, was a French coal mining company in the Pas-de-Calais that was established in 1851 and nationalized in 1946. The company had 11 mines, each with one or more shafts for extraction of coal or ventilation. It had a large facility for screening and washing raw coal, and for producing coke and other secondary products. During World War I (1914–18) the front line crossed the mining concession, with the northern part occupied by the Germans, but despite constant shelling production of coal continued. Coke production peaked at 565,195 tons in 1928. The company had two thermal electricity plants, and operated of railway tracks. At its peak the company was one of the largest coal mining operations in the region, with 12,640 employees in 1945. Corporate history Early years 1847–59 Many soundings were conducted in the Pas-de-Calais from 1847, showing that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bully-les-Mines
Bully-les-Mines () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in northern France. It forms part of the Lens-Liévin agglomeration community, which encompasses 36 French communes and 250,000 inhabitants. For many years it was a major coal mining center. History The name of Bully-les-Mines has frequently had various forms over the centuries : from ''Bulgi'' (in 1135), to ''Bugi'' (1152), ''Builli'' (1157), ''Bullia'' (1198), ''Bully'' (1270), ''Boulli'' (1303), ''Buylly'' (1410), ''Builly-lez-Aix'' (1486), ''Builly-lez-Grenay'' (1511), ''Builly-en-Gohelle'' (1569), ''Bully-en-Gohelle'' (1709), ''Bully-Grenay'' (1750), ''Bully-en-Gohelle'' (1782), and finally ''Bully-les-Mines'' in 1925. According to many sources, the name has Gaulish origins. Ricouart proposes that "Bullire" derives from the French "bouillonner," a reference to the source of the river Surgeon in a neighboring commune. The current use of "les mines" indicates the importance of mining to the commune and the regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermelles
Vermelles () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Vermelles is situated southeast of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D39, D75 and D943 roads and by the banks of the river Surgeon. Coal mining Vermelles was the second extraction site used by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune. Excavation of Mine 3 in Vermelles began in January 1857, reaching a rugged, steeply inclined deposit of coal at . Extraction started in July 1860. Air compressors were installed in Mine 3 1877. This proved the company's most productive mine, with a total of 1,525,000 tons. Excavation of Mine 4 at Vermelles started in October 1865 and reached coal at . Extraction started in 1867. Mine 4 was abandoned in 1876 because the very irregular deposit at seemed unusable. There was a lot of firedamp compared to other mines. Mine 4 was reopened and extraction resumed at in 1911. The main shaft reached . During World War I (191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Battle Of The Marne
The First Battle of the Marne was a battle of the First World War fought from 5 to 12 September 1914. It was fought in a collection of skirmishes around the Marne River Valley. It resulted in an Entente victory against the German armies in the west. The battle was the culmination of the Retreat from Mons and pursuit of the Franco-British armies which followed the Battle of the Frontiers in August and reached the eastern outskirts of Paris. Field Marshal Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), began to plan for a full British retreat to port cities on the English Channel for an immediate evacuation. The military governor of Paris, Joseph Simon Gallieni, wanted the Franco–British units to counter-attack the Germans along the Marne River and halt the German advance. Entente reserves would restore the ranks and attack the German flanks. On 5 September, the counter-offensive by six French armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) began. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annequin - Fosse N° 12 Des Mines De Béthune (A)
Annequin () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Annequin is a large farming (and ex-mining) village situated some east of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D61 and the N41 roads. Coal mining Excavation of Mine 9 by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune The Compagnie des mines de Béthune, sometimes called the sometimes called the Compagnie de Grenay after the name of the concession, was a French coal mining company in the Pas-de-Calais that was established in 1851 and nationalized in 1946. The co ... began at Annequin in 1893. Mine 9 began production in 1896, ventilated by shaft 4bis. Shaft 12 was started at Annequin in February 1909 and reached a depth of . It was connected to Mine 9 and was used only for ventilation. Mine 9 was closed in 1964 and Shaft 12 in 1965. * Population Sights * The church of St. Martin, dating from the twentieth century. * Remains of a 13th-century castle, destroye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Centrale Paris
École Centrale Paris (ECP; also known as École Centrale or Centrale) was a French grande école in engineering and science. It was also known by its official name ''École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures''. In 2015, École Centrale Paris merged with Supélec to form CentraleSupélec, a constituent college of the University of Paris-Saclay. Founded in 1829, it was among the most prestigious and selective grandes écoles. Rooted in rich entrepreneurial tradition since the industrial revolution era, it served as the cradle for top-level engineers and executives who continue to constitute a major part of the industry leadership in France. Since the 19th century, its model of education for training generalist engineers inspired the establishment of several engineering institutes around the world, such as the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, Faculté polytechnique de Mons in Belgium, as well as other member schools of the Ecole Centrales Group allianc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Plichon
Jean Plichon (14 June 1863 – 22 September 1936) was a French industrialist and politician. He trained as a mining engineer. When his father died in 1888 he inherited the presidency of the Bethune mining company and also replaced his father as deputy for the Nord department. He remained head of the Bethune mining company and a member of the legislature or senate for most of the remainder of his life. He advocated protectionist policies throughout his career. Early years (1863–88) Jean Ignace Alexis Winoc Plichon was born on 14 June 1863 in Bailleul, Nord. He came from a well-established bourgeois family of French Westhoek. He was the son of Charles Ignace Plichon (1814–88) and Marie Constance Boitelle (1840–94), and brother of Pierre Plichon (1865–1936). His mother was the daughter of Alexis Boitelle, one of the main founders of the coal industry in the Nord department. His father was seen as the representative of the four interrelated landholding dynasties in the regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comité Des Forges
The Comité des forges (Foundry Committee) was an organization of leaders of the French iron and steel industry from 1864 to 1940, when it was dissolved by the Vichy government. It typically took a protectionist attitude on trade issues, and was opposed to social legislation that would increase costs. At times it was influential, particularly during World War I (1914–18), and the Left often viewed it with justified suspicion. However the Comité des forges always suffered from divisions among its members, and the government often ignored its advice. Foundation In 1850 the French iron masters created an Assemblée Générale des Maîtres de Forges de France, under the presidency of Léon Talabot (1796–1863) head of Denain-Anzin. At the end of the year it took the name of Comité des Maîtres de Forges. In 1855 Talabot assumed the title of president of the Comité des Forges. In 1860 Talabot also became president of a new Association for the Defense of National Labor, which w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazingarbe - Château Mercier (04)
Mazingarbe (; pcd, Mazingarpe) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. History The village was known as Masengarba in 1046, Masengarbe in 1232 and Mazengarbe in 1558. Mazingarbe's first inhabitants, as far as can be ascertained, were Neolithic farmers who grew grain and raised sheep, pigs and oxen. Many flint tools have been found dating from this period. Other archaeological excavations have unearthed pottery, clay tiles, tools, jewelry and bones, evidence of occupation of the site at the beginning of the first millennium of a Gallo-Roman villa at a place called Le Marais Bray. In 1046 the village was mentioned as the villa Mazengarba confirmed as a possession of the abbey of Marchiennes. The estate and its lands remained the property of the church until the French Revolution. Under the Ancien Régime, the population was predominantly agricultural. Like most towns and villages of the Artois, Mazingarbe had suffered the ravages of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Ignace Plichon
Charles Ignace Plichon (28 June 1814 – 3 June 1888) was a French lawyer, businessman and politician. As a young man he was attracted to the social idealism of Saint-Simonianism. In 1841–42 he undertook a diplomatic and exploratory mission to the regency of Tunis, which was seeking French protection from the Turks In 1844–45 he travelled in Egypt to obtain information about the proposed Suez Canal, and returned via Palestine, Syria and Turkey. He represented Hazebrouck in the Nord department as a deputy in the last years of the July Monarchy. He avoided politics during the French Second Republic and the early years of the Second French Empire, then again represented Hazebrouck as a champion of Catholic and protectionist interests from 1857 until his death in 1888. He made a fortunate marriage through which he became President of the Compagnie des mines de Béthune. He was briefly Minister of Public Works in 1870. Early years (1814–41) Ignace Plichon was born on 28 June 181 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grenay, Pas-de-Calais
Grenay (; pcd, Guernay) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is part of the arrondissement of Lens, the canton of Wingles and the Communaupole de Lens-Liévin. Its population was 6,799 in 2019.Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019 INSEE The current mayor is Christian Champire, elected in 2020. Geography An ex- coalmining and light industrial town situated some nor ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sains-en-Gohelle
Sains-en-Gohelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Sains-en-Gohelle is an ex-coalmining town, nowadays a farming and light industrial commune, northwest of Lens, at the junction of the D937 and the D166 roads. The A26 autoroute passes through the town. Coal mining Excavation of Mine 10 by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune The Compagnie des mines de Béthune, sometimes called the sometimes called the Compagnie de Grenay after the name of the concession, was a French coal mining company in the Pas-de-Calais that was established in 1851 and nationalized in 1946. The co ... started in July 1900 at Sains-en-Gohelle, and eventually reached . Shaft 10bis was started in July 1901 and reached . Production started in 1903. The mine closed in 1957 and was back-filled in 1972. Surface installations were destroyed in 1975. Population Places of interest * The church of St.Vaast, dating from the twelfth century. * The mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annequin
Annequin () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Annequin is a large farming (and ex-mining) village situated some east of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D61 and the N41 roads. Coal mining Excavation of Mine 9 by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune The Compagnie des mines de Béthune, sometimes called the sometimes called the Compagnie de Grenay after the name of the concession, was a French coal mining company in the Pas-de-Calais that was established in 1851 and nationalized in 1946. The co ... began at Annequin in 1893. Mine 9 began production in 1896, ventilated by shaft 4bis. Shaft 12 was started at Annequin in February 1909 and reached a depth of . It was connected to Mine 9 and was used only for ventilation. Mine 9 was closed in 1964 and Shaft 12 in 1965. * Population Sights * The church of St. Martin, dating from the twentieth century. * Remains of a 13th-century castle, destroye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
