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Commission For National Education
The Commission of National Education ( pl, Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, KEN; lt, Edukacinė komisija) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and King Stanisław II August on October 14, 1773. Because of its vast authority and autonomy, it is considered the first Ministry of Education in European history and an important achievement of the Polish Enlightenment. History Genesis The chief reason behind its creation was that in Poland and Lithuania, the Jesuits ran an extensive system of educational institutions. Although the Jesuit schools were fairly efficient and provided the Polish youth with a good education, they were also very conservative. In addition, in 1773 the Pope decided to close down the Jesuit order (Dominus ac Redemptor). This threatened a complete breakdown of education in the Commonwealth. One of the first items on the parliamentary agenda of the Partition Sejm (1773–1775), which acceded to the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignacy Massalski
Prince Ignacy Massalski ( lt, Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis) (1726–1794) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman. Ignacy became a Catholic priest and was named Bishop of Vilnius by Pope Clement XIII on 29 March 1762.''Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi'', v. VI, Patavii 1958, p. 442 He was one of the initiators of the Commission for National Education. During his time on the Commission, Massalski set up 300 parish schools. In 1776 he was removed from the Commission for embezzlement of public funds. He was succeeded as head of the Commission by Michał Jerzy Poniatowski. He was a supporter of the Targowica Confederation and an opponent of the Kościuszko Uprising. As bishop, Massalski was opposed to the kidnapping and forcible conversion of Jewish children. He published a pastoral letter in 1783 condemning such practices. Massalski commissioned the reconstruction of the Vilnius Cathedral by Laurynas Gucevičius, which brought it to its present appearance. He became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam K
Adam K is a 2017 American horror film directed by Joston Theney and starring Farrah Abraham. Premise "A day in the life of mild-mannered and seemingly good-natured auto insurance claims manager Adam Kraul. He sets out to be a do-gooder and make friends, however ends up with mutilated victims in his wake when his invitations for friendships are rejected." Cast * Farrah Abraham as Karen Simms * Arielle Brachfeld as Janice Parson * Emii as Tina * Brinke Stevens as Mrs. Kraul * Mindy Robinson as Detective Carli Mansfield * Kristin Wall as Detective Kelsey Andrews * Sarah Nicklin as Amanda Cole * Nihilist Gelo as Detective Harry Grimes * Edward Gusts as Michael Parson * Ethan McDowell as Caleb Simms * Michael Wayne Foster as Bradley Michaels * John Charles Smith as Detective Maury Bovine * Jason Bonell as Young Donnie Lee Simms * Carlos Javier Castillo as Gerry Halloway * Alan Smithee as Adam Kraul Filming Principal photography for the film began in September 2013. Filming was almost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Samuel Du Pont De Nemours
Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours ( or ; ; 14 December 1739 – 7 August 1817) was a French-American writer, economist, publisher and government official. During the French Revolution, he, his two sons and their families immigrated to the United States. His son Éleuthère Irénée du Pont was the founder of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. He was the patriarch and progenitor of one of the United States's most successful and wealthiest business dynasties of the 19th and 20th centuries. Early life and family Pierre du Pont was born on December 14, 1739, the son of Samuel du Pont and Anne Alexandrine de Montchanin. His father was a watchmaker and French Protestant, or Huguenot. His mother was a descendant of an impoverished minor noble family from Burgundy. Du Pont married Nicole-Charlotte Marie-Louise le Dée de Rencourt in 1766, also of a minor noble family. They had three sons: Victor Marie (1767–1827), a manufacturer and politician; Paul François (December 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians In Poland
Armenians in Poland have an important and historical presence going back to the 14th century. According to the Polish census of 2011, there are 3,623 self-identifying Armenians in Poland. History Origins About the beginning of the Armenian presence in Poland, Adolf Nowaczyński, a Polish writer, gives us the following sketch of the Armenians of Poland: Ties to Lwów The city of Lwów, (now Lviv), the most patriotic center of Poland, then the theater of so many historic turmoils, owes its luster in large degree to Armenian immigrants. Kamieniec-Podolski (Kamianets-Podilskyi), that crown of Polish old fortresses, received its fame from the Armenians who settled there. Fleeing from Crimea, they were invited to settle in Jazłowiec, where they founded the church of the Holy Mother of God, now dedicated to Saint Nicholas of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. In Bukowina and in all Galicia, the Armenian element plays a role of the first order in political and social life, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieronim Stroynowski
Hieronim Stroynowski (20 September 1752 – 5 August 1815) was a Polish bishop and economist. He was the rector of Vilnius University from 1799 to 1806 and the Bishop of Vilnius from 1814 until his death in 1815. His writings on economics contributed to Polish liberalism. Biography Stroynowski began study with the Piarists in 1760 and took his vows in 1768. He taught at the Collegium Nobilium in Warsaw between 1774 and 1778 before moving to Vilnius to teach at Vilnius University, where he would become a Freemason and continue to teach until 1809. In 1782, he received his doctorate in theology from Jagiellonian University. Between 1787 and 1788 he took a sabbatical in Italy. He became the rector of Vilnius University in 1799 until resigning in 1806. Economic ideas Stroynowski wrote a handbook of political and economic studies for the Commission of National Education which would help establish Polish liberalism and physiocracy in Poland. It advocated personal freedom, privat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawid Pilchowski
Dawid is a Polish masculine given name, related to David, and more rarely a surname. People with the name include: Given name * Dawid Abrahamowicz (1839–1926), Polish politician * Dawid Abramowicz (born 1991), Polish footballer * Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum, fictitious World War II Polish Army officer and a commander of the Jewish Military Union * Dawid Bezuidenhout (1935–1998), teacher and politician in South West Africa * Dawid Daniuszewski (1885–1944), Polish chess master * Dawid Dryja (born 1992), Polish volleyball player * Dawid Dynarek (born 1989), Polish footballer * Dawid Dzięgielewski (born 1993), Polish footballer * Dawid Jackiewicz (born 1973), Polish politician and former Minister of State Treasury * Dawid Janowski (1868–1927), Polish-born French chess player * Dawid Jarka (born 1987), Polish footballer * Dawid Kamiński (born 1995), Polish footballer * Dawid Kasperski (born 1990), Polish Muay Thai kickboxer * Dawid Kellerman, 21st century South African rugby unio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Gawroński
Andrzej Gawroński (20 June 1885 in Geneva – 11 January 1927 in Józefów, in the vicinity of Warsaw) was a Polish Indologist, linguist and polyglot. Professor of Jagiellonian University and Lwów University, (starting in 1916), the author of the first Polish handbook on Sanskrit (''Podręcznik sanskrytu'', 1932), founder of Polish Oriental Society (1922) and one of the founders of the Polish Linguistic Society (1925). Life He was the son of Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński (a historian, writer and a columnist of the nationalistic press) and Antonina Miłkowska (a teacher and a translator), and the grandson of Teodor Tomasz Jeż. He attended an elementary school in Lwów and secondary schools in Przemyśl and Lwów. He graduated in Linguistics from the University of Lwów and University of Leipzig (1902–1906). Suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the cause of his death at the age of 42. Education In 1906, Gawroński defended his doctoral thesis, ''Sprachliche Unte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feliks Oraczewski
Feliks Oraczewski of Szreniawa coat of arms (14 January 1739 in Przybysławice – 12 August 1799 in Vienna) was a Polish writer, educational and political activist. Feliks Oraczewski was a Member of the Polish Parliament from 1773-1775. He participated in the Commission of National Education. He was also on the Apothecary Permanent Council from 1778-1780. Oraczewski was also a member of the Society for Elementary Books. From 1786-1790 he held the post of rector of the Academy of Kraków. Orraczewski served as a Polish ambassador in Paris in 1791-1792. Writing career Felix Oraczewski also occasionally wrote poems. He also wrote comedies. His works in this genre include ''The Litigant'' (1775) and ''Playground, Or Life Without Purpose''(1780). Politics In 1773, during a session of the parliament, Oraczewski put forth a proposal for the formation of a parliamentary delegation. His envisioned the mission of this delegation to develop a national education program. This proposal e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz ( , ; 6 February 1758 – 21 May 1841) was a Polish poet, playwright and statesman. He was a leading advocate for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Early life Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz was born 6 February 1758 in Skoki, near Brest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Niemcewicz, scion of a moderately well-to-do Polish noble family, graduated from the Warsaw Corps of Cadets. Career After graduating from the Corps of Cadets, he subsequently served as aide to Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and visited France, England and Italy. Niemcewicz served as a deputy to the Great Sejm of 1788–1792 and was an active member of the Patriotic Party that pushed through adoption of the historic Constitution of 3 May 1791. He was subsequently a founder of the Friends of the Constitution, formed to support the implementation of that progressive document. After the victory of the Targowica Confederation in 1792 and the consequent overthrow of the May 3 Constitution, Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Bieliński
Franciszek Bieliński of Junosza coat of arms (1683–1766) was a Polish statesman. A Grand Marshal of the Crown, Marshal of Prussia and a voivode of Chełmno, he is best remembered as a strong proponent of the expansion and the modernisation of the city of Warsaw. He is also the eponym of Marszałkowska Street ''(Marshal Street)'' in Warsaw, one of the major and most iconic streets of Poland's capital. Biography Early life He was born in 1683 to Grand Marshal of the Crown Kazimierz Ludwik Bieliński and Ludwika Maria Bielińska, daughter of Grand Treasurer of the Crown. While officially a high-ranking military officer, for most of his life Bieliński had been in fact a skilled civilian administrator. Initially a starost of Malbork, Czersk, Grójec and Garwolin (since 1713), with time he allied himself to the mighty Czartoryski family. This allowed him to move to the royal court and start his career there. Political career In his role as a Marshal of the Court (since 1732) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnates
The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage, and in Poland for the richest ''szlachta''. England In England, the magnate class went through a change in the later Middle Ages. It had previously consisted of all tenants-in-chief of the crown, a group of more than a hundred families. The emergence of Parliament led to the establishment of a parliamentary peerage that received personal summons, rarely more than sixty families. A similar cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Jerzy Poniatowski
Prince Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (12 October 1736 – 12 August 1794) was a Polish nobleman. Abbot of Tyniec and Czerwińsk (''opat tyniecki i czerwinski''), Bishop of Płock and Coadjutor Bishop of Kraków (''koadiutor krakowski'') from 1773, and Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland from 1784. He was made a knight of the Order of the White Eagle on 25 November 1764. Nine days later, on 4 December, he was made a prince by his brother, the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski. He was made a Royal Member of the Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ... in 1791. References * Angela Sołtys, ''Opat z San Michele. Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje,'' Warszawa 2008 * Zofia Zielińska, ''Poniatowski Michał Jerzy,'' " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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