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Commission De Paris
The Commission de Paris was a body of French naval engineers gathered in 1821 to design the future frigates and ships of the line of the French Navy for the post-Empire era. Presided by Jacques-Noël Sané, the Commission comprised Jean-Marguerite Tupinier, Pierre Rolland, Pierre Lair and Jean Lamorinière. The works of the Commission led to the design of double-decked 24-pounder frigates, as well as to four ranks of ships of the line: the 120-gun ( ''Valmy'' being the lone unit built to the design), the 100-gun ''Hercule'' class, the 90-gun ''Suffren'' class, and an 80-gun type whose only ship ever started, ''Tour d’Auvergne'', was never launched. These ships of the line featured straight sides instead of the traditional tumblehome design that had prevailed until then; this tended to heighten the ships' centre of gravity, but provided much more room for equipment in the upper decks. Stability issues were fixed with underwater stabilisers. However, they proved difficult to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Navy
The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in the world, ranking seventh in combined fleet tonnage and fifth in number of naval vessels. The French Navy is one of eight naval forces currently operating fixed-wing aircraft carriers,Along with the U.S., U.K., China, Russia, Italy, India and Spain with its flagship being the only nuclear-powered aircraft carrier outside the United States Navy, and one of two non-American vessels to use catapults to launch aircraft. Founded in the 17th century, the French Navy is one of the oldest navies still in continual service, with precursors dating back to the Middle Ages. It has taken part in key events in French history, including the Napoleonic Wars and both world wars, and played a critical role in establishing and securing the French colonial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musée National De La Marine
The Musée national de la Marine (National Navy Museum) is a maritime museum located in the Palais de Chaillot, Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. It has annexes at Brest, Port-Louis, Rochefort ( Musée National de la Marine de Rochefort), and Toulon. The permanent collection originates in a collection that dates back to Louis XV of France. History In 1748, Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau offered a collection of models of ships and naval installations to Louis XV of France, with the request that the items be displayed at the Louvre and made available to students of the Naval engineers school, which Duhamel headed. The collection was put on display in 1752, in a room of the first floor, next to the Academy of Sciences; the room was called "''Salle de Marine''" (Navy room), and was used for teaching. With the French Revolution, the Salle de Marine closed in 1793. The collection was added to models owned by the King personally, to others owned by the Ministry of Nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourbon Restoration In France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the first fall of Napoleon on 3 May 1814. Briefly interrupted by the Hundred Days War in 1815, the Restoration lasted until the July Revolution of 26 July 1830. Louis XVIII and Charles X, brothers of the executed king Louis XVI, successively mounted the throne and instituted a conservative government intended to restore the proprieties, if not all the institutions, of the Ancien Régime. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France but were unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution. Exhausted by decades of war, the nation experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialization. Background Following the French Revolution (1789–1799), Napoleon Bonaparte became ruler of France. After years of expansion of his French Empire by successive military victories, a coaliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Naval Ministers Of France
One of France's Secretaries of State under the Ancien Régime was entrusted with control of the French Navy (Secretary of State of the Navy (France).) In 1791, this title was changed to Minister of the Navy. Before January 1893, this position also had responsibility for France's colonies, and was usually known as Minister of the Navy and Colonies, a role thereafter taken by the Minister of the Overseas. In 1947 the naval ministry was absorbed into the Ministry of Defence, with the exception of merchant marine affairs which had been split in 1929 to the separate Ministry of Merchant Marine. History The two French royal fleets (the Ponant fleet and Levant fleet) were put under the control of Colbert from 1662, whilst he was "intendant des finances" and "minister of state" – but not "secretary of state" : he only became secretary of state in 1669 after having bought his way into the post. From then on, right up to the French Revolution, a secretary of state had responsibili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Barthélémy Portal D'Albarèdes
Pierre-Barthélémy Portal d'Albarèdes, Baron Portal, (30 October 1765, Montauban (Albarèdes) – 11 January 1845, Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefectur ...) was a French politician born into a Protestant family of Guienne. Biography He created in 1789 a trading house, under the name Portal Larrode and Co.. He is a member of the Board of Trade (1801) and the Chamber of Commerce of Bordeaux at the beginning of its creation (1803). He was then Minister of Marine and Colonies (December 1818 – December 1821). He was a judge at the tribunal of commerce, mayor of Bordeaux, member for trade in Bordeaux to demand the restitution of goods seized by U.S. ships, appointed by Napoleon, master of requests in 1813, member of the Tarn-et-Garonne in 1818 Peer of Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forte-class Frigate
The ''Forte'' class was a class of two large frigates of the French Navy, designed in 1794 by François Caro. They carried 30 24-pounder long guns as their main battery and 20 x 8 pdrs on the quarterdeck and forecastle; they were exceptionally large and powerful heavy frigates for their time. * ''Forte'' :Builder: Lorient :Begun: 30 May 1794 :Launched: 26 September 1794 :Completed: November 1794 :Fate: Captured by the British Navy on 1 March 1799, became HMS ''Forte'', wrecked in January 1801 in the Red Sea. * Égyptienne :Builder: Toulon :Begun: 26 September 1798 :Launched: 17 July 1799 :Completed: November 1799 :Fate: Captured by the British Navy on 2 September 1801, became HMS ''Egyptienne'', sold for breaking up 30 April 1817 File:Plans-de-la-frcegate-la-forte.jpg, Plans of the hull of ''Forte'' References * * *Rif Winfield and Stephen S. Roberts, ''French Warships in the Age of Sail, 1786-1861'' Seaforth Publishing, 2015, . {{Forte class frigate Forte Forte or Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18-pounder Long Gun
The 18-pounder long gun was an intermediary calibre piece of naval artillery mounted on warships of the Age of Sail. They were used as main guns on the most typical frigates of the early 19th century, on the second deck of third-rate ships of the line, and even on the third deck of late first-rate ships of the line. Usage As the 18-pounder calibre was consistent with both the French and the British calibre systems, it was used in many European navies between the 17th and the 19th century. It was a heavy calibre for early ships of the line, arming, for instance, the main batteries of in 1636. From the late 18th century, the French Navy used the 18-pounder in three capacities: as the main gun on frigates, as the battery on the upper gundeck of two-deckers, and lastly on the top deck of three-deckers. French frigates began carrying the 18-pounder under Louis XV, when the two frigates, originally designed to carry 24-pounders, were equipped with it; at the time, a typical friga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Téméraire-class Ship Of The Line
The ''Téméraire''-class ships of the line were a class of a hundred and twenty 74-gun ships of the line ordered between 1782 and 1813 for the French navy or its attached navies in dependent (French-occupied) territories. Although a few of these were cancelled, the type was and remains the most numerous class of capital ship ever built to a single design. The class was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané in 1782 as a development of the ''Annibal'' and her near-sister ''Northumberland'', both of which had been designed by him and built at Brest during the 1777-1780 period. Some thirteen ships were ordered and built to this new design from 1782 to 1785, and then the same design was adopted as a standard for all subsequent 74-gun ships (the most common type of ship of the line throughout the period from ''ca.'' 1750 to 1830) built for the French Navy during the next three decades as part of the fleet expansion programme instituted by Jean-Charles de Borda in 1786. The design was ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
74-gun
The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-developed 64-gun ships. Impressed with the performance of several captured French seventy-fours, the British Royal Navy quickly adopted similar designs, classing them as third rates. The type then spread to the Spanish, Dutch, Danish and Russian navies. The design was considered a good balance between firepower and sailing qualities. Hundreds of seventy-fours were constructed, becoming the dominant form of ship-of-the-line. They remained the mainstay of most major fleets into the early 19th century. From the 1820s, they began to be replaced by larger two-decked ships mounting more guns. However some seventy-fours remained in service until the late 19th century, when they were finally supplanted by ironclads. Standardising on a common ship s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucentaure-class Ship Of The Line
The ''Bucentaure'' class was a class of 80-gun French ships of the line built to a design by Jacques-Noël Sané from 1802 onwards, of which at least 29 were ordered but only 21 ships were launched. They were a development from his earlier . Armament As built, the first two ships of this class carried the same 80-gun armament as their predecessors of the ''Tonnant'' class - thirty 36-''livre'' guns on the lower deck, thirty-two 24-''livre'' guns on the upper deck, and eighteen 12-''livre'' guns plus six 36-''livre'' obusiers (howitzers) on the spar deck above (the French ''livre'' was about 8% greater than the British pound weight, so that the 36-''livre'' round equated to 38lbs 13.6oz). Under the 1806 ''règlement'', the spar deck ordnance was altered to fourteen 12-''livre'' guns plus ten 36-''livre'' carronades. Subsequently, additional 36-''livre'' carronades were carried by most later ships of the class, raising them to 86-gun ships (with variations in actual numbers). Ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonnant-class Ship Of The Line
The ''Tonnant'' class was a series of eight 80-gun ships of the line designed in 1787 by Jacques-Noël Sané, whose plans for the prototype were approved on 29 September 1787. With sixteen gunports on the lower deck on each side (although only fifteen of these ports on each side were routinely provided with 36-''livre'' guns) these were the most effective two-deckers of their era. Their broadside of 1,102 ''livres'' equated to 1,190 British pounds weight, over 50% more than the standard British 74-gun ship, and even greater than that of a British 100-gun three-decker. Five ships were ordered from 1787 to 1793, and all were completed during the 1790s; six more were ordered in January 1794 to be built to this design at Toulon, but only three of these were named and laid down. All but one of the eight ships were to be captured or destroyed by the British Navy, and four of these were to enjoy long careers in their new service. The prizes were highly regarded by British sea officers, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commerce De Paris-class Ship Of The Line
The ''Commerce de Paris'' class were a series of ships of the line of the French Navy, designed in 1804 by Jacques-Noël Sané as a shortened version of his 118-gun three-deckers, achieved by removing a pair of guns from each deck so that they became 110-gun ships. Two ships were built to this design in France. Four more were begun at Antwerp in 1810–1811, but these were never completed and were broken up on the ways; three more were ordered in Holland, but these were never laid down. Ships * :Builder: Toulon shipyard :Ordered: 14 May 1804 :Laid down: October 1804 :Launched: 8 August 1806 :Completed: May 1807 :Fate: razeed in 1825. Renamed ''Commerce'' on 11 August 1830, then ''Borda'' on 18 December 1839 and ''Vulcain'' on 18 August 1863; broken up in 1885. * ''Duc d'Angoulême'' :Builder: Rochefort shipyard :Ordered: 8 May 1804 :Laid down: April 1805 :Launched: 30 August 1814 :Completed: January 1815 :Fate: Renamed ''Iéna'' on 22 March 1815, reverting to ''Duc d'Anguelem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
