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Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)
The Colombian Civil War began on 8 May 1860 and lasted until November 1862. It was an internal conflict between the newly formed conservative Granadine Confederation and a more liberal rebel force from the newly seceded region of Cauca, composed of dissatisfied politicians commanded by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, its former president. The Granadine Confederation, created a few years earlier in 1858 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, was defeated in the capital Bogotá, with Mosquera deposing the newly elected president Bartolomé Calvo on July 18, 1861. Forming a provisional government, with himself as president, Mosquera continued to pursue the conservative forces until their final defeat in 1862. The resulting formation of the new United States of Colombia would have significant cultural and economic consequences for Colombia.''The Federalists'Country Studies articleretrieved on April 29 2007 Background The Granadine Confederation was formed in 1858 out of the Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombian Civil Wars
There have been several Colombian Civil Wars in Colombian history: *War of the Supremes (1839–1841) *Colombian Civil War of 1851 *Colombian Civil War of 1854 *Colombian Civil War (1860–1862) *Colombian Civil War of 1876 *Colombian Civil War (1884–1885) *Colombian Civil War of 1895 *Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) *La Violencia (1948–1958) *Colombian conflict (1964–present) See also *List of wars involving Colombia {{set index Civil wars involving the states and peoples of South America Military history of Colombia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Gutiérrez Lee
Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for '' Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning "son of Peter" (compare with the English surname Peterson) is Pérez in Spanish, and Peres in Galician and Portuguese, Pires also in Portuguese, and Peiris in coastal area of Sri Lanka (where it originated from the Portuguese version), with all ultimately meaning "son of Pêro". The name Pedro is derived via the Latin word "petra", from the Greek word "η πέτρα" meaning "stone, rock". The name Peter itself is a translation of the Aramaic ''Kephas'' or '' Cephas'' meaning "stone". An alternate archaic spelling is ''Pêro''. Pedro may refer to: Notable people Monarchs, mononymously *Pedro I of Portugal *Pedro II of Portugal *Pedro III of Portugal *Pedro IV of Portugal, also Pedro I of Brazil *Pedro V of Portugal *Pedro II o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azuero Province
Azuero may also refer to: *Azuero Peninsula in Panama *Azuero province, a province that existed in 1855 in the Republic of New Granada The Republic of New Granada was a 1831–1858 centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. On 9 May 1834, the national flag wa ... * Vicente Azuero, Colombian politician {{Disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of The New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a 1831–1858 centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white. In 1851, a civil war broke out when conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Manuel Ibánez, Julio Arboleda and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery, in addition to a number of religious issues. Colombian constitution of 1832 One of the prime features of the political climate of the republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states. In 1839, a dispute arose over the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogotá
Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city of Colombia, and one of the largest cities in the world. The city is administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of, though not part of, the surrounding department of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, and industrial center of the country. Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on 6 August 1538 by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca, the indigenous inhabitants of the Altiplano. Santafé (its name after 1540) became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada (creat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cauca State
Cauca State was one of the states of Colombia. Today the area of the former state makes up most of modern-day west and southern Colombia, with some portion of its vast territories acquired by present-day Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela. Naming * 15 June 1857 created as Estado Federal del Cauca (Federal State of Cauca). * 1858 recognized as ''Estado de la Federación'' in the 1858 constitution of the Granadine Confederation, * 1863 named Estado Soberano del Cauca (Sovereign State of Cauca) in the 1863 constitution of the United States of Colombia. Known as "Gran Cauca", because it was the largest and richest of the Union. Subdivisions In 15 June 1857 law, the state was divided into the following provincesGeografía Física y Política de la Confederación Granadina: Estado del Cauca, Obra dirigida por el General Agustín Codazzi, 2003 * Barbacoas Province (capital Barbacoas). * Buenaventura Province (capital Cali). * Chocó Province (capital Quibdó). * Cauca Provinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. James Fearon"Iraq's Civil War" in '' Foreign Affairs'', March/April 2007. For further discussion on civil war classification, see the section "Formal classification". The term is a calque of Latin '' bellum civile'' which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Most modern civil wars involve intervention by outside powers. According to Patrick M. Regan in his book ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers'' (2000) about two thirds of the 138 intrastate conflicts between the end of World War II and 2000 saw international intervention, with the United States intervening in 35 of these conflicts. A civil war is a high-intensity conflict, often involving regular armed forces, that is sustained, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santos Acosta
Manuel María de los Santos Acosta Castillo (November 1, 1828 – January 9, 1901) was a Colombian General and political figure. He served as the president of Colombia from 1867 until 1868. Biographic data Acosta was born in Miraflores, Boyacá, on November 1, 1828. He died in Bogotá Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city of Colombia, and one of the larges ... on January 9, 1901.Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos''; trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición; Page 81; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983 Political career Although Acosta studied and graduated in medicine, he did not practice this profession. Rather, he pursued military and political careers. He was elected several times as MP, both to the House of Representatives and the Senate. Santos Acosta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eustorgio Salgar
Eustorgio Salgar Moreno Salazar (1831–1885) was a Colombian lawyer, general and political figure, who was president of the United States of Colombia from 1870 until 1872. Elected at age 39, he was the youngest president of Colombia. Biographic data Salgar was born in Bogotá, Cundinamarca, on November 1, 1831. He died in the same city, on November 25, 1885. Early life Salgar attended what later became the National University of Colombia, where he studied jurisprudence. In 1851, at the age of 20, he obtained his law degree. Political career From 1853, he was the governor of the Garcia Rovira province and, when it was merged with Pamplona in 1855, he assumed the new role of governor of the newly combined province until 1858. During that year, Salgar was a member of the briefly lived Granadine Confederation's senate and a year later became governor of the Sovereign State of Santander. Military career In 1859, Salgar enlisted in the army of General Tomás Cipriano de M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santos Gutiérrez
José Santos Gutiérrez Prieto was a Colombian statesman and soldier, who became president of the Sovereign State of Boyacá, and later elected as president of the United States of Colombia for the term of 1868-1870.Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos''; trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 85; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983 Biographic data Gutiérrez was born in the town of El Cocuy, Boyacá, on October 24, 1820. He died in Bogotá, Cundinamarca, on February 6, 1872.Arismendi Posada, Ignacio; ''Gobernantes Colombianos''; trans. Colombian Presidents; Interprint Editors Ltd.; Italgraf; Segunda Edición; Page 88; Bogotá, Colombia; 1983 Early life Gutiérrez’ family moved to Bogotá in order to provide him with adequate and high education. Gutiérrez completed his high school education in the Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, where he later studied jurisprudence and obtained his lawyer degree. Military caree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan José Nieto Gil
Juan José Nieto Gil (24 June 1804 – 16 July 1866) was a Colombian politician, Army general and writer. A Liberal party caudillo of Cartagena, he served interimly as Governor of the Province of Cartagena, and was later elected President of the Sovereign State of Bolívar from 1859 to 1864. In 1861, during the Colombian Civil War, he fought on the side of the Liberal rebels against the Administration of President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, and acting in rebellion proclaimed himself President of the Granadine Confederation in his right as the Presidential Designate, relinquishing power four months later to the Liberal leader, General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, who led a successful coup d'état against the Conservative Government in Bogotá. Nieto, of mulatto background, was the first mixed-race Colombian to rise to politics in the history of Colombia becoming the first mixed-race Colombian to become the executive officeholder of a first level administrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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