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Collemataceae
The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Jonathan Carl Zenker in 1827; ''Collema'' is the type genus. Description Collemataceae members have a thallus that is either foliose, crustose, squamulose or minutely shrubby. The thallus is gelatinous, sometimes swelling when wet, with a colour ranging from dark olive-green to brown-black, reddish brown or rarely grey-blue. The upper and lower cortex is either absent or composed of angular brick-like cells, more rarely of flattened compressed cells. The medulla contains loosely interwoven narrow hyphae or is compact with broad-short-celled hyphae; these hyphae are intermixed with the photobiont. The texture of the upper cortex surface ranges from smooth to wrinkled or ridged, and is often glossy, but rarely arachnoid. The underside of the cortex is smooth, arachnoid o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptogium
''Leptogium'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. It has about 110 species. Species *'' Leptogium acadiense'' *'' Leptogium adnatum'' – South America *''Leptogium andegavense'' *'' Leptogium antarcticum'' *''Leptogium asiaticum'' *'' Leptogium atlanticum'' *'' Leptogium auriculatum'' – South America *'' Leptogium austroamericanum'' *'' Leptogium azureum'' *'' Leptogium biloculare'' *'' Leptogium brebissonii'' *'' Leptogium britannicum'' – Europe *'' Leptogium bullatulum'' *'' Leptogium burgessii'' *'' Leptogium chloromelum'' *'' Leptogium cochleatum'' *'' Leptogium compactum'' *'' Leptogium cookii'' *'' Leptogium coralloideum'' *'' Leptogium corticola'' *'' Leptogium crispatellum'' *'' Leptogium cyanescens'' *'' Leptogium davidii'' *'' Leptogium enkarodes'' – Australia *'' Leptogium epiphyllum'' *'' Leptogium exaratum'' *'' Leptogium faciifictum'' – Australia *'' Leptogium fallax'' *'' Leptogium granulans'' *'' L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blennothallia
''Blennothallia'' is a genus of jelly lichens in the family Collemataceae. It has four species, which collectively have a cosmopolitan distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1853 by Italian botanist Vittore Trevisan de Saint-Léon. Although Trevisan did not select a type species for the genus, ''Lichen crispus'' was selected as lectotype in 2013. The genus corresponds to the ''Colema crispum'' species group recognized in 1954 by Gunnar Degelius. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that ''Blennothallia'' forms a well-supported lineage together with ''Scytinium'' and '' Lethagrium'' in the family Collemataceae. Description ''Blennothallia'' species have a dark olive-green to black thallus that typically measures in diameter, comprising rounded lobes that are wide. The thallus lacks a cortex, and the medulla is paraplectenchymatous (fungal tissue with a cellular structure superficially like the parenchyma of vascular plants). The photobiont partner is a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scytinium
''Scytinium'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Jonathan Carl Zenker in 1827; .... It has 49 species. Species *'' Scytinium apalachense'' *'' Scytinium aquale'' *'' Scytinium aragonii'' *'' Scytinium biatorinum'' *'' Scytinium bosoense'' *'' Scytinium californicum'' *'' Scytinium callopismum'' *'' Scytinium cellulosum'' *'' Scytinium chibaense'' *'' Scytinium contortum'' *'' Scytinium dactylinum'' *'' Scytinium erectum'' *'' Scytinium euthallinum'' *'' Scytinium ferax'' *'' Scytinium fragile'' *'' Scytinium fragrans'' *'' Scytinium gelatinosum'' *'' Scytinium imbricatum'' *'' Scytinium intermedium'' *'' Scytinium juniperinum'' *'' Scytinium kauaiense'' *'' Scytinium leptogioides'' *'' Scytinium lichenoides'' *'' S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostania
''Rostania'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1880 by Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon. Species * '' Rostania callibotrys'' * '' Rostania ceranisca'' * '' Rostania coccophylla'' * ''Rostania effusa'' * '' Rostania laevispora'' * '' Rostania multipunctata'' * ''Rostania pallida'' * '' Rostania occultata'' * ''Rostania populina ''Rostania'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1880 by Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon. Species * '' Rostania callibotrys'' * '' Rostania ceranisca ...'' References Peltigerales Lecanoromycetes genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 1880 Taxa named by Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lathagrium
''Lathagrium'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Jonathan Carl Zenker in 1827; .... It has 10 species. Species *'' Lathagrium auriforme'' *'' Lathagrium cristatum'' *'' Lathagrium dichotomum'' *'' Lathagrium durietzii'' *'' Lathagrium fuscovirens'' *'' Lathagrium latzelii'' *'' Lathagrium neglectum'' *'' Lathagrium poeltii'' *'' Lathagrium subundulatum'' *'' Lathagrium undulatum'' References Peltigerales Lichen genera Taxa described in 1810 Taxa named by Erik Acharius Peltigerales genera {{Peltigerales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peltigerales
Peltigerales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was formerly often treated as a suborder of the order Lecanorales. It contains two suborders, eight families and about 45 genera such as ''Lobaria'' and ''Peltigera''. The fungi form lichens in a symbiotic relationship with one or two photosynthetic partners which may be a cyanobacterium such as ''Nostoc'' or a green alga such as '' Coccomyxa''. The majority of species contain just a cyanobacterium, a smaller number have both a cyanobacterium and a green alga while only a few species have just a green alga. The thallus of the lichen may be foliose (leafy), subfruticose (somewhat shrubby) or granular-squamulose (scaly). The thallus attaches to a surface by means of small root-like rhizines. In some species, the thallus may vary in appearance depending on whether it contains a cyanobacterium or a green alga. Some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collema
''Collema'' (jelly lichen) is a genus of lichens in the family (biology), family Collemataceae. The photobiont is the cyanobacterium genus ''Nostoc''.Dobson, F.S. (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. 4th edition. Richmond publishing Co., Slough, England. Species *''Collema actinoptychum'' *''Collema coniophilum'' – Canada *''Collema flaccidum'' *''Collema furfuraceum'' *''Collema glaucophthalmum'' *''Collema glebulentum'' *''Collema implicatum'' *''Collema insulare'' *''Collema japonicum'' *''Collema laeve'' *''Collema leptaleum'' *''Collema leucocarpum'' *''Collema marginale'' *''Collema nigrescens'' *''Collema pulcellum'' *''Collema pustulatum'' *''Collema rugosum'' *''Collema ryssoleum'' *''Collema sichuanense'' – China *''Collema subconveniens'' *''Collema subflaccidum'' *''Collema subnigrescens'' *''Collema substipitatum'' References Peltigerales Lichen genera Peltigerales genera Taxa described in 1780 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enchylium
''Enchylium'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Collemataceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Enchylium'': *'' Enchylium bachmanianum'' *'' Enchylium coccophorum'' *'' Enchylium confertum'' *'' Enchylium conglomeratum'' *'' Enchylium expansum'' *'' Enchylium flagellatum'' *'' Enchylium ligerinum'' *'' Enchylium limosum'' *'' Enchylium nipponicum'' *'' Enchylium polycarpon'' *'' Enchylium substellatum'' *'' Enchylium tenax'' References Lichen genera Peltigerales Peltigerales genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1810 {{Peltigerales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isidia
An isidium is a vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens. Isidia are outgrowths of the thallus surface, and are corticated (i.e., containing the outermost layer of the thallus), usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae (the mycobiont) and algal cells (the photobiont). They are fragile structures and may break off and be distributed by wind, animals, and splashing raindrops. In terms of structure, isidia may be described as warty, cylindrical, clavate (club-shaped), scale-like, coralloid (coral-shaped), simple, or branched. Examples of isidiate lichens include members of the genera ''Parmotrema'' and ''Peltigera''. See also Soredium Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria o ... References External linksAscomycetes glossary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soredia
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ..., or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex (botany), cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of Fungus, fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera ''Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizine
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures, arising mostly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients as do plant roots. Characteristics of the rhizines are used to identify lichens, for example: whether they are dense or sparse, whether they are uniformly distributed or clumped in specific areas, and whether they are straight or branched. Only foliose lichens may possess rhizines, not crustose or fruticose lichens, which lack a lower cortex. Rhizohyphae are a type of attachment structure on some lichens. Rhizohyphae are more slender than rhizines and are one cell thick in diameter. Rhizohyphae often occur as a felt-like hyphal mass. See also *Rhizoid Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae. They are similar in structure and function to the ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
