|
Coffey V. State Educational Finance Commission
''Coffey v. State Educational Finance Commission'' (1969) was a federal case that addressed state support of segregation academies in Mississippi. More broadly, it established the standards the Internal Revenue Service would use to determine the tax-exempt status of private schools based on their segregation policies. History The state of Mississippi had supported the establishment of private schools in the wake of '' Brown v. Board of Education'' ruling by the US Supreme Court to integrate public schools, by provision of tuition grants to schools that had all-white enrollments. Mississippi negro school children and their parents challenged the state policy in this case. The United States joined as an intervenor, citing violations of §902 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Arguments Joe Patterson represented Mississippi, arguing before Judges John Golbold, William Cox, and Dan Russell. The gist of the argument in favor of the grants was that they represented "freedom of choice." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States District Court For The Southern District Of Mississippi
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (in case citations, S.D. Miss.) is a federal court in the Fifth Circuit with facilities in Gulfport, Hattiesburg, Natchez, and Jackson. Appeals from cases brought in the Southern District of Mississippi are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The United States Attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. the Acting United States Attorney is Darren LaMarca. Jurisdiction Jurisdiction (Counties): Adams, Amite, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Holmes, Issaquena, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Kemper, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Leake, Lincoln, Madison, Marion, Neshoba, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Cooper Godbold
John Cooper Godbold (March 24, 1920 – December 22, 2009) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Education and career Born in Coy, Alabama, Godbold received a Bachelor of Science degree from Auburn University in 1940 and was a Major in the United States Army, Division Artillery Headquarters during World War II, from 1941 to 1946. He received a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1948, and was in private practice in Montgomery, Alabama from 1948 to 1966. Federal judicial service Godbold was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on June 28, 1966, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit vacated by Judge Richard Rives. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 22, 1966, and received his commission the same day. He served as a board member of the Federal Judicial Center from 1976 to 1981. He served as Chief Judge i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Harold Cox
William Harold Cox (June 23, 1901 – February 25, 1988) was an American attorney and jurist who served as a United States federal judge, United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi. He was known for presiding over ''United States v. Price'' (1965) and for his resistance to racial integration. Constance Baker Motley, a longtime civil rights attorney for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund and the first Black woman to serve as a federal judge, called Cox "the most openly racist judge ever to sit on a federal court bench" in the United States. Early life and education Born in Indianola, Mississippi, Indianola, Mississippi, Cox received a Bachelor of Science degree from University of Mississippi and a Bachelor of Laws from University of Mississippi School of Law in 1924. While in college, he was roommates with future Senator James Eastland. Career Cox was in private practice of law in Jackson, Mississippi, Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Monroe Russell Jr
Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia * Dan (son of Jacob), one of the 12 sons of Jacob/Israel in the Bible **Tribe of Dan, one of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Dan * Crown Prince Dan, prince of Yan in ancient China Places * Dan (ancient city), the biblical location also called Dan, and identified with Tel Dan * Dan, Israel, a kibbutz * Dan, subdistrict of Kap Choeng District, Thailand * Dan, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United States * Dan River (other) * Danzhou, formerly Dan County, China * Gush Dan, the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv in Israel Organizations *Dan-Air, a defunct airline in the United Kingdom *Dan Bus Company, a public transport company in Israel *Dan Hotels, a hotel chain in Israel * Dan the Tire Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Rights Act Of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and United States labor law, labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on Race (human categorization), race, Person of color, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination. The act "remains one of the most significant legislative achievements in American history". Initially, powers given to enforce the act were weak, but these were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One of the United States Constitution, Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all citizens Equal Protection Clause, equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segregation Academies
Segregation academies are private schools in the Southern United States that were founded in the mid-20th century by white parents to avoid having their children attend desegregated public schools. They were founded between 1954, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional, and 1976, when the court ruled similarly about private schools. While many of these schools still existmost with low percentages of minority students even todaythey may not legally discriminate against students or prospective students based on any considerations of religion, race or ethnicity that serve to exclude non-white students. The laws that permitted their racially-discriminatory operation, including government subsidies and tax exemption, were invalidated by U.S. Supreme Court decisions. After ''Runyon v. McCrary'' (1976), all of these private schools were forced to accept African-American students. As a result, segregation academies changed their admission ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown V
Brown is a color. It can be considered a composite color, but it is mainly a darker shade of orange. In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is usually made by combining the colors Orange (colour), orange and black. In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown combines red and green. The color brown is seen widely in nature, wood, soil, human brown hair, hair color, eye color and Human skin color, skin pigmentation. Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil. According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; it is often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty. More positive associations include baking, warmth, wildlife, and the autumn. Etymology The term is from Old English , in origin for any dusky or dark shade of color. The first recorded use of ''brown'' as a color name in English was in 1000. The Common Germanic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Turner Patterson
Joseph Turner Patterson (1907-1969) was the thirty-fourth Attorney General of Mississippi. Early life and education Patterson was born July 10, 1907 in Eupora, Mississippi, Mississippi. Public service In 1930, Patterson was elected city attorney of Calhoun, Mississippi. In 1932, he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. In 1936, he joined the staff of Senator Pat Harrison. In 1962, Patterson cooperated with the Kennedy administration to register James Meredith to attend Ole Miss. In 1968, he represented the state's interests in ''Coffey v. State Educational Finance Commission''. This case marked the end of state subsidies to segregation academies Segregation academies are private schools in the Southern United States that were founded in the mid-20th century by white parents to avoid having their children attend desegregated public schools. They were founded between 1954, when the U.S. .... References *''Joe T. Patterson and the White South's Dilemma: E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saints Academy (Mississippi)
Saints Academy was a private 1-12 school in Lexington, Mississippi, the county seat of Holmes County. Founded by the Church of God in Christ in 1918 as the Saints Industrial and Literary School, a school for black children in a segregated environment, it gradually expanded. Under principal Arenia Mallory from 1926-1977, the school added grades until it provided classes through high school. It had a national reputation for its strong academics and attracted students from outside the region, including from families who had migrated north. Later an allied junior college was founded, which was known, variously, as Saints Junior College and Academy and Saints College. It closed after Mallory's death in 1977, unable to operate with a declining black population in the area and competition with publicly funded schools. History Saints Industrial and Literary School was founded in 1918 as a ministry of St. Paul's Church of God in Christ, to provide high-quality education to black stude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runyon V
Runyon is a surname based upon the French surname Rongnion, brought to North America by Vincent Rongnion. It can be also spelled Runyons, Runyan, Runyun, Runion, Rongnion, Runnion, and others. It may refer to: People The following people have the family name Runyon: * Brenda Vineyard Runyon, founder of the first U.S. bank managed and directed entirely by women * Brent Runyon, writer born in 1977 who is best known for ''The Burn Journals'' * Damon Runyon (born Alfred Damon Runyan), hall-of-fame sports writer and short story writer * Jennifer Runyon, American TV actress born in 1960 * Marie M. Runyon (1915-2018), New York political activist, state assembly member 1975–1976 * Marvin Travis Runyon, 20th-century American automotive executive and U.S. Postmaster 1992-1998 * Theodore Runyon, American Civil War general, diplomat, and mayor of Newark, New Jersey * William Nelson Runyon, early 20th-century American politician from New Jersey * Joel Runyon, American endurance athlete & en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coit V
Coit may refer to: People *Adela Coit (1863–1932) German women's suffragist *Coit Albertson, American actor *Coit D. Blacker, Special Assistant to the President *Daniel Coit Gilman, American educator *James Milnor Coit, American teacher *John Coit Spooner, senator from Wisconsin *Joshua Coit: American lawyer and politician *Judson B. Coit Observatory, the astronomical observatory of the Boston University *Lillie Hitchcock Coit, firefighter and eccentric *Madelin Coit, American multi-media artist *Moses Coit Tyler, American author *Stanton Coit, writer on ethics Other *Coit Tower, landmark in San Francisco *Battle of Cat Coit Celidon, a battle in Arthurian legends See also * Koit (other) * Quoit (other) {{Disambiguation, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States School Desegregation Case Law
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
