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Coconut Palm Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of coconut palms (''Cocos nucifera''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Virus and viroid Phytoplasmal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Further reading *Manimekalai, R. Soumya, V.P., Sathish Kumar, R., Selvarajan, R., Krishna Reddy, M., Sasikala, George V Thomas., Rajeev M and Baranwal, V.K. 2010. Molecular detection of 16Sr XI group Phytoplasma associated with Root (Wilt) Disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in India. Plant disease 94:636 References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{coconut Coconut palm The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or t ... Coconut palm diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconut Palm
The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese word '' coco'', meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called ''coconut water'' or ''coconut juice''. Mature, ripe coconuts ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeochoropsis Mucosa
''Phaeochoropsis mucosa'' is a plant pathogen infecting coconuts. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Coconut palm diseases Phyllachorales Fungi described in 1999 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytospora Palmarum
Cytospora palmarum is a plant pathogen that causes leaf blight on coconut. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Coconut palm diseases Diaporthales {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blight
Blight refers to a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism. Description Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs. Accordingly, many diseases that primarily exhibit this symptom are called blights. Several notable examples are: * Late blight of potato, caused by the water mold ''Phytophthora infestans'' (Mont.) de Bary, the disease which led to the Great Irish Famine * Southern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungus ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' (Drechs.) Drechs, anamorph ''Bipolaris maydis'' (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker, incited a severe loss of corn in the United States in 1970. * Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' (Murrill) Barr, has nearly completely eradicated mature American chestnuts in North America. * Citrus blight, caused by an unknown agent, infects all citrus scions. * Fire blight of pome fruits, caus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pestalotiopsis Palmarum
''Pestalotiopsis palmarum'' is the causative agent of a fungal disease of bananas, coconut and Date palms . The fungus causes leaf spots, petiole/rachis blights and sometimes bud rot of palms. Unlike other leaf spot and blight diseases, ''Pestalotiopsis palmarun'' attacks all parts of the leaf from the base to the tip. Whereas most diseases only infect the leaf blade or the leaf petiole. Host The fungus has been isolated from a wide variety of palm tissue. The fungus is not host specific so the disease could be present in many more types of palm, but further research needs to be done. The fungus has also been known to infect pygmy date palm (''Phoenix roebelenii'') and has been a big problem in Florida during the winter months. Some varieties of bananas have also shown symptoms of the disease, but it is unclear if it is in fact ''Pestalotiopsis palmarum''. Symptoms It has been shown that the fungus usually requires wounds to infect the plant and necessary for the fungus to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphiola Phoenicis
''Graphiola phoenicis'' is a plant pathogen of the palm ''Phoenix canariensis ''Phoenix canariensis'', the Canary Island date palm or pineapple palm, is a species of flowering plant in the palm family Arecaceae, native to the Canary Islands off the coast of Morocco. It is a relative of ''Phoenix dactylifera'', the true dat ...''. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Ustilaginomycotina Fungi described in 1823 Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Zonatum
''Ganoderma zonatum'' is a plant pathogen that infects the palm species causing butt rot. It is a fungus that infects the bottom of the plant also rotting the roots. It has been known to be in both natural and planted environments and in the majority of cases only in palms. Symptoms and diagnosis Symptoms of ''Ganoderma zonatum'' are general decline in the health of the plant, wilting and discoloration of the leaves and slow growth. However, this is noticeable in many different plant diseases and can not be used as a diagnosis tool. There are only two ways to fully identify ''G. zonatum''. One is the basidiocarp (or conk) forming on the plant with the other viewing the internal rotting of the palm on the inside once it has been cut down. Life cycle The fungus is spread between the plants due to the spores produced in the basidiocarp. The spores land on the soil and germinate. The hyphae then grow over the plant roots and up into the woody trunk Trunk may refer to: Bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Tornatum
''Ganoderma tornatum'' is a fungal plant pathogen in the genus ''Ganoderma''. It is a species of basidiomycete fungi in the family Polyporaceae (members are also known as bracket fungi, or polypores). Like other polypores, its physical characteristics include a rigid and tough texture and a shelf-like appearance. Most specimens of G. tornatum have a dark brown upper surface, though the ones found in the northwest of India and Pakistan have a lighter appearance. Ganoderma tornatum also have thin, shiny horn-like layers, distinguishing them from Ganoderma applanatum. It does not have a long and thin stipe like Ganoderma cochlear. It is distributed widely throughout the tropics, appearing to be one of the most common species of Ganoderma there. Some places it occurs is south of the Sahara desert, the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Canada, and the north west of India and Pakistan, and from the Philippines to New Caledonia and Papua. It is not clear if this species occurs in South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Orbiforme
''Ganoderma orbiforme'' most commonly known as ''G. boninense'' or just ''Ganoderma'' in oil palm pathology is a species of polypore fungus that is widespread across southeast Asia. It is a plant pathogen that causes basal stem rot, a disease of the African oil palm (''Elaeis guineensis''). The fungus was first described scientifically in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries from collections made in Guinea. Leif Ryvarden transferred it to the genus '' Ganoderma'' in 2000. In addition to its type locality, the fungus has also been collected from the Bonin Islands in the Pacific, and from Venezuela and Puerto Rico. Transmission ''G. orbiforme'' is not a soil borne pathogen A soil borne pathogen is a disease-causing agent which lives both in soil and in a plant host, and which will tend to infect undiseased plants which are grown in that soil. Common soil borne pathogens include ''Fusarium'', ''Pythium'', ''Rhizocton ..., meaning it does not grow in soil and does not infiltrate from s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butt Rot
Butt rot is a disease of plants, mostly trees, caused by fungi. The fungus attacks the moist, poorly protected undersurface of tree trunk's thickest part (the "butt" above the root, as opposed to "top"), where the end of the stem makes contact with the soil. It may affect the roots as well, causing a disease known as root rot. It then moves up into the interior of the plant, producing a roughly conical column of dead, rotted plant matter, up to one and a half meters long in severe cases. Such an infection is likely to impair the transport properties of the xylem tissue found at the center of the stem. It also weakens the stem and makes the plant more vulnerable to toppling. One particularly virulent species of fungus associated with butt rot is '' Serpula himantioides''. See also * '' Ganoderma zonatum'' * ''Phaeolus schweinitzii ''Phaeolus schweinitzii'', commonly known as velvet-top fungus, dyer's polypore, dyer's mazegill, or pine dye polypore, is a fungal plant pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoctonia Solani
''Rhizoctonia solani'' is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more typically encountered in its anamorphic state, as hyphae and sclerotia. The name ''Rhizoctonia solani'' is currently applied to a complex of related species that await further research. In its wide sense, ''Rhizoctonia solani'' is a facultative plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. It causes various plant diseases such as root rot, damping off, and wire stem. It can also form mycorrhizal associations with orchids. Taxonomy In 1858, the German plant pathologist Julius Kühn observed and described a fungus on diseased potato tubers and named it ''Rhizoctonia solani'', the species epithet referring to ''Solanum tuberosum'' (potato). The disease caused was well known before the discovery and description of the fungus. In 1956, Dutch mycologist M.A. Donk published the new name ''Thanatephorus cucumer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium
''Pythium'' is a genus of parasitic oomycetes. They were formerly classified as fungi. Most species are plant parasites, but ''Pythium insidiosum'' is an important pathogen of animals, causing pythiosis. The feet of the fungus gnat are frequently a vector for their transmission. Morphology ;Hyphae: ''Pythium'' species, like others in the family Pythiaceae, are usually characterized by their production of coenocytic hyphae without septations. ;Oogonia: Generally contain a single oospore. ;Antheridia: Contain an elongated and club-shaped antheridium. Ecological importance ''Pythium''-induced root rot is a common crop disease. When the organism kills newly emerged or emerging seedlings, it is known as damping off, and is a very common problem in fields and greenhouses. Thus there is tremendous interest in genetic host resistance, but no crop has ever developed adequate resistance to ''Pythium''. This disease complex usually involves other pathogens such as ''Phytophthora'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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