Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence Et Espérance Longdoz
Cockerill-Sambre was a group of Belgian steel manufacturers headquartered in Seraing, on the river Meuse, and in Charleroi, on the river Sambre. The Cockerill-Sambre group was formed in 1981 by the merger of two Belgian steel groups – SA Cockerill-Ougrée based at Seraing in the province of Liège, and Hainaut-Sambre based at Charleroi in the province of Hainaut – both being the result of post-World War II consolidations of the Belgian steel industry. The company inherited a steel industry with significant debts and production overcapacity based on blast furnace production rather than electric furnace recycling, with numerous factory sites in constrained city locations, and adversely affected by competition in the export market from new steel-producing countries (such as South Korea and Brasil). The need to streamline was complicated by regional dependence on employment in the steel industry. It was merged into Usinor in 1999, and after 2002 was part of the Arcelor group. ...
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Usinor
Usinor was a French steel making group formed in 1948. The group was merged with Sacilor in 1986, becoming Usinor-Sacilor and was privatised in 1995, and renamed Usinor in 1997. In 2001 it merged with Arbed (Luxembourg) and Aceralia (Spain) to form the European company Arcelor, which became part of ArcelorMittal in 2006. History Sacilor and predecessors In 1704 Jean Martin de Wendel bought an ironworks in Hayange, Lorraine in north-eastern France. Over the next one hundred years industrial production grew, and, in 1822 the first coke fired blast furnace in France was constructed. Further growth occurred under de Wendel family ownership in the next century; in 1850 approximately 20,000 tons of iron and cast iron each were produced, by 1869 this had increased 15 blast furnaces and a production of well over 100,000 tons of cast iron and iron each. Production included rails, bars, sheet, tin and wire. The company was split as a result of the Alsace-Lorraine region becoming part of ...
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Société Métallurgique D'Espérance Longdoz
Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the second largest food products group in France, behind Danone. It owns brands such as Parmalat, Président, Siggi's Dairy, Skånemejerier, Rachel's Organic, and Stonyfield Farm. History André Besnier started a small cheesemaking company in 1933 and launched its ''Président'' brand of Camembert in 1968. In 1990, it acquired Group Bridel (2,300 employees, 10 factories, fourth-largest French dairy group) with a presence in 60 countries. In 1992, it acquired United States cheese company Sorrento. In 1999, ''la société Besnier'' became ''le groupe Lactalis'' owned by Belgian holding company BSA International SA. In 2006, they bought Italian group Galbani, and in 2008, bought Swiss cheesemaker Baer. They bought Italian group Parmalat in a 2011 ...
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Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence
Cockerill-Sambre was a group of Belgian steel manufacturers headquartered in Seraing, on the river Meuse, and in Charleroi, on the river Sambre. The Cockerill-Sambre group was formed in 1981 by the merger of two Belgian steel groups – SA Cockerill-Ougrée based at Seraing in the province of Liège, and Hainaut-Sambre based at Charleroi in the province of Hainaut – both being the result of post-World War II consolidations of the Belgian steel industry. The company inherited a steel industry with significant debts and production overcapacity based on blast furnace production rather than electric furnace recycling, with numerous factory sites in constrained city locations, and adversely affected by competition in the export market from new steel-producing countries (such as South Korea and Brasil). The need to streamline was complicated by regional dependence on employment in the steel industry. It was merged into Usinor in 1999, and after 2002 was part of the Arcelor group. ...
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Phenix Works
The Phenix Works is a steel working factory located in Flémalle-Haute, Liège, Belgium. The business was established in 1905 by Paul Borgnet and became part of SA Phenix Work in 1911. The works specialised in coated steels, such as galvanised, tin plate etc. Acquired by Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence (1969) and later absorbed by its successor Cockerill-Sambre (1989), as of 2016 the works is part of ArcelorMittal Liège, the Belgian subsidiary of ArcelorMittal. History The Phenix Works was founded in 1910/111 through the merger of Paul Borgnet's factory in Flémalle-Haute and the factory "Phenix" in Roux. The works in Flemalle was established c.1905 by Paul Borgnet (1863-1944) on a site in Flemalle-Haute. The company's specialisation was the manufacture of galvanised corrugated sheets for roofing, and in 1930 employed c.3000 persons. Equipment for galvanizing sheet steel was installed in 1925; for producing tinplate in 1935. The company expanded to Ivoz-Ramet and facilities for ...
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Marchienne-au-Pont
Marchienne-au-Pont ( wa, Mårciene) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It was a commune in its own right before the merger of communes in 1977, when it had a population of 17,000. Sights * The Castle of Cartier was built on the ruins of an earlier castle, which had been destroyed by the troops of Henri II on July 21, 1554. The Cartier family owned it from 1726 to 1938. It was converted to a library in April 2002. The outer bailey has been replaced by a public swimming pool and the park has been partly destroyed. * The city walls. History To outline the history of the locality of Marchienne-au-Pont, we must go back to the 9th century, to the death of Charlemagne. His Empire is divided into three parts: Francia, Germania, and between the two, a long territory called the Kingdom of Lothair. This turned out to be a large part of present-day Belgium and Burgundy. On November 15, 889, Arnold of Cari ...
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Hautmont
Hautmont () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is southwest of the centre of Maubeuge, and has 14,500 residents. On August 3, 2008, a narrow but strong F4 tornado swept through the town, as well as Maubeuge, Neuf-Mesnil and Boussières-sur-Sambre damaging 100s of buildings, 40 of which collapsed. The tornado killed 3 people and injured 17 others. The tornado was part of an outbreak that produced 9 other tornadoes. Population Heraldry International relations Hautmont is twinned with Kalisz in Poland ''(since 1958)''.' See also *Communes of the Nord department The following is a list of the 648 communes of the Nord department of the French Republic. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
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Réhon
Réhon () is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. It is the town where Jean-Marc Reiser (1941-1983) was born. See also * Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department The following is a list of the 591 Communes of France, communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle Departments of France, department of France. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2022):

Les Forges De La Providence
Forges de la Providence was a Belgian steel producing company based in the Hainaut region around Charleroi. Founded as ''Société Anonyme des laminoirs, forges, fonderies et usines de la Providence'' the company had three steel production sites at Marchienne-au-Pont in Belgium, and Réhon and Hautmont in France. The company was independent until 1966 when it became part of the Cockerill-Ougrée, briefly being absorbed into '' Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau'' before becoming part of Cockerill-Sambre. In the 1980s the French steel plants closed, the Belgian plant continued to operate until 2008, becoming part of the Duferco group as Carsid at the beginning of the 21st century. Coke and blast furnace production CARSID plant closed in 2008 due to an economic downturn, and did not restart - the plant was closed in 2012. Company history In 1836 the Englishman Thomas Bonehill built puddling furnaces for the Puissant and Licot de Nîmes families; in 1838 the company ''Société Anonyme des ...
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Belgian Franc
The Belgian franc ( nl, Belgische frank, french: Franc belge, german: Belgischer Franken) was the currency of the Kingdom of Belgium from 1832 until 2002 when the Euro was introduced. It was subdivided into 100 subunits, each known as a in Dutch, in French or a in German. History The ''gulden'' (guilder) of 20 ''stuivers'' was the currency of present-day Belgium from the 15th to 19th centuries until its replacement in 1832 by the Belgian franc. Its value differed from the Dutch guilder, gulden of the Dutch Republic during the latter's separation from Belgium from 1581 to 1816. Standard coins issued in Belgium include: * From 1618: the :nl:Patagon, ''patagon'' or ''Albertusthaler'' of 24.55 g fine silver, worth 2.4 gulden or 48 stuiver (or 10.23 g fine silver per gulden) * From 1754: the ''kronenthaler'' of 25.71 g fine silver, worth 3.15 gulden ''currency'' or 2.7 ''gulden of exchange'' (9.52 g silver per exchange gulden). The French Écu#Silver écu of 1726, silver écu of 26. ...
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