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Clinocottus
''Clinocottus'' is a genus of sculpins, nearshore benthic fishes native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. They are mentioned as sharpnose sculpins. Molecular data indicate that this genus is polyphyletic or paraphyletic, it does not constitute a natural assemblage within Cottidae. Species There are currently five recognized species in this genus: * ''Clinocottus acuticeps'' ( C. H. Gilbert, 1896) (Sharpnose sculpin) * ''Clinocottus analis'' ( Girard, 1858) (Woolly sculpin) * ''Clinocottus embryum'' ( D. S. Jordan & Starks, 1895) (Calico sculpin) * ''Clinocottus globiceps'' ( Girard, 1858) (Mosshead sculpin) * ''Clinocottus recalvus The bald sculpin (''Clinocottus recalvus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The bald sculpin was first formally described as ''Bl ...'' ( Greeley, 1899) (Bald sculpin) References Cottinae {{Scorpaeniformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinocottus Analis
The woolly sculpin (''Clinocottus analis'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, where it occurs along the coastline of California and Baja California. Taxonomy ''Clinocottus analis'' was first formally described as ''Oligocottus analis'' in 1858 by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard with its type locality given as Monterey, California. The genus ''Clinocottus'' has been resolved as paraphyletic or polyphyletic by some workers and that this species is apparently not closely related to the other species included in the genus. This species is the only species subgenus ''Clinocottus'' which was proposed as a genus by Theodore Gill in 1861. The specific name, ''analis'', refers to the anus, an allusion Girard did not explain, although he did describe this species as having the origin of the anal fin placed behind forward edge of the second dorsal fin. In 1898 it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinocottus Acuticeps
''Clinocottus acuticeps'', the sharpnose sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy ''Clinocottus acuticeps'' was first formally described as ''Oligocottus acuticeps'' in 1896 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert with its type locality given as Unalaska harbor, Unalaska in the Aleutian Islands. The genus ''Clinocottus'' has been resolved as paraphyletic or polyphyletic by some workers and that this species is apparently not closely related to the other species included in the genus. This species is the only species subgenus ''Oxycottus'' which was proposed as a genus by David Starr Jordan and Evermann in 1898. The specific name, ''acuticeps'', means "pointed head", alluding to the sharply pointed snout. Description ''Clinocottus acuticeps'' is identified by its flattened, three branched papilla near the anus and the possession of cirri on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinocottus Globiceps
''Clinocottus globiceps'', the mosshead sculpin or globe-headed sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the northeastern Pacific. Taxonomy ''Clinocottus globiceps'' was first formally described as ''Oligocottus globiceps'' in 1858 by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard with its type locality given as Southern Farallones Island, off San Francisco in California. This species is classified within the subgenus ''Blennicottus'', of which it is the type species, which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861 and is the clade of round headed species within the genus ''Clinocottus'', these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species. The specific name, ''globiceps'', means “spherical head”, an allusion its rounded head profile. Decsription ''Clinocottus globiceps'' has 9 or 10 spines and between 15 and 17 soft rays supporting its dorsal fins a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinocottus Embryum
''Clinocottus embryum'', the calico sculpin or mossy sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy ''Clinocottus embryum'' was first formally described as ''Oligocottus embryum'' in 1895 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks with its type locality given as “Several miles east of Neah Bay, Washington”. The calico sculpin is classified within the subgenus ''Blennicottus'' which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861 and is the clade of round headed species within the genus ''Clinocottus'', these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species. The specific name, ''embryum'', means “in moss”, an allusion Jordan and Starks did not explain but may be a reference to this species being found in tidal pools among algae. Description ''Clinocottus embryum'' has between 8 and 10 spines and 14 and 17 soft r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinocottus Recalvus
The bald sculpin (''Clinocottus recalvus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The bald sculpin was first formally described as ''Blennicottus recalvus'' in 1899 by the American ichthyologist Arthur White Greeley with its type locality given as Pacific Grove, California. The bald sculpin is classified within the subgenus ''Blennicottus'' which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861 and is the clade of round headed species within the genus ''Clinocottus'', these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species. The specific name, ''recalvus'', means “bald in front”, an allusion to the absence of cirri between the eyes and their sparseness on the crown. Description The bald sculpin has a large, depressed, flattened, and broad head with an elongated, tapering body. The head and body have light to dark brown speckles with paler reddis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottidae
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin.''Zoology'' (Jena) 115(4), 223-32. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families. Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates. The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean. Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water. Most cottids are small fish, under in length. The species ''Scorpaenichthys marmoratus'' can be up to in length.Froese, R. and D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottinae
Cottinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpin A sculpin is a type of fish that belongs to the superfamily Cottoidea in the order Scorpaeniformes.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand a ...s. The subfamily has species throughout the northern hemisphere in both marine and freshwater habitats. Genera The following genera are included within the subfamily Cottinae: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q116151118 Cottidae Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte Ray-finned fish subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Henry Gilbert
Charles Henry Gilbert (December 5, 1859 in Rockford, Illinois – April 20, 1928 in Palo Alto, California) was a pioneer ichthyologist and Fisheries science, fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species. Later he became an expert on Pacific salmon and was a noted conservation movement, conservationist of the Pacific Northwest. He is considered by many as the intellectual founder of American fisheries biology. He was one of the 22 "pioneer professors" (founding faculty) of Stanford University. Early life and education Born in Rockford, Illinois, Gilbert spent his early years in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he came under the influence of his high school teacher, David Starr Jordan (1851‒1931). When Jordan became Professor of Natural History at Butler University in Indianapolis, Gilbert followed and received his B.A. degree in 187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Frédéric Girard
Charles Frédéric Girard (8 March 1822 – 29 January 1895) was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology. Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard University. Three years later, Spencer Fullerton Baird called him to the Smithsonian Institution to work on its growing collection of North American reptiles, amphibians and fishes. He worked at the museum for the next ten years and published numerous papers, many in collaboration with Baird. In 1854, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. Besides his work at the Smithsonian, he managed to earn an M.D. from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in 1856. In 1859 he returned to France and was awarded the Cuvier Prize by the Institute of France for his work on the North American reptiles and fishes two years later. When the American Civil War broke out, he joined the Confederate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Starr Jordan
David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford University, he had served as president of Indiana University from 1884 to 1891. Starr was also a strong supporter of eugenics, and his published views expressed a fear of "race-degeneration" and asserted that cattle and human beings are "governed by the same laws of selection". He was an antimilitarist since he believed that war killed off the best members of the gene pool, and he initially opposed American involvement in World War I. Early life and career Jordan was born in Gainesville, New York, and grew up on a farm in upstate New York. His parents made the unorthodox decision to educate him at a local girls' high school. His middle name, Starr, does not appear in early census records, and was apparently self-selected; he had begun using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
