Claud Mackenzie Hutchinson
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Claud Mackenzie Hutchinson
Claud Mackenzie Hutchinson CIE (29 April 1869 - 2 August 1941) was an English bacteriologist who worked in India as Imperial Agricultural Bacteriologist. Hutchinson studied at Trinity College, Glenalmond before going to St. John's College, Cambridge St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge founded by the Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort. In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The ... graduating in 1891. He taught chemistry at the Colonial College, Hollesley and in 1904 he joined the Indian Tea Association in Assam. He succeeded Harold Hart Mann in 1907 as scientific officer. In 1909 he became Imperial Agricultural Bacteriologist at Pusa and retired in 1926 and joined the Imperial Chemical Industries in 1931. His work in India was principally on soil nutrients and fertility. He worked on bacterial nitrogen fixation, green manures and humus. His work on green manure ...
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Order Of The Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: #Knight Grand Commander (GCIE) #Knight Commander ( KCIE) #Companion ( CIE) No appointments have been made since 1947, the year that British India gained independence as the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010. The motto of the Order is ''Imperatricis auspiciis'', (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. History The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and native officials who served in British India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but exp ...
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Imperial Agricultural Bacteriologist
Imperial Bacteriologist and Imperial Agricultural Bacteriologist were designations in the British Indian government. The positions involved work related to aspects of applied bacteriology. The position in agriculture, first occupied by C.J. Bergtheil, involved problems relating to fermentation and chemistry in the production of indigo. On the veterinary side, Imperial bacteriologists worked on veterinary health with the stated terms of reference being ''to investigate disease of domesticated animals in all provinces in India and to ascertain, as far as possible, by biological research both in the laboratory and, when necessary, at the place of outbreak, the means for preventing and curing such disease''. The position was held by: ;Veterinary * 1890-1907 - Alfred Lingard (1849-1938), worked on vaccines, particularly rinderpest, initially at Pune and then at the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in Mukteswar * 1907-1915 - Lt. Col. J.D.E. Holmes (1867-1915) * 1916-1920 - Alfred Les ...
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Glenalmond College
Glenalmond College is a co-educational independent boarding school in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, for children aged between 12 and 18 years. It is situated on the River Almond near the village of Methven, about west of the city of Perth. The college opened in 1847 as Trinity College, Glenalmond and was renamed in 1983. Originally a boys' school, Glenalmond became co-educational in the 1990s. History Trinity College Glenalmond was founded as an independent school by the future Prime Minister, William Gladstone and James Hope-Scott. The land for the school was given by George Patton, Lord Glenalmond who for the rest of his life, in company with his wife Margaret, took a keen interest in its development and success. It was established to provide teaching for young men destined for the ministry of the Scottish Episcopal Church and where young men could be brought up in the faith of that Church. It was originally known as ''The Scottish Episcopal College of the Holy and Undivi ...
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St John's College, Cambridge
St John's College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge founded by the House of Tudor, Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort. In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The full, formal name of the college is the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge. The aims of the college, as specified by its statutes, are the promotion of education, religion, learning and research. It is one of the larger Oxbridge colleges in terms of student numbers. For 2022, St John's was ranked 6th of 29 colleges in the Tompkins Table (the annual league table of Cambridge colleges) with over 35 per cent of its students earning British undergraduate degree classification#Degree classification, first-class honours. College alumni include the winners of twelve Nobel Prizes, seven prime ministers and twelve archbishops of various countries, at least two pri ...
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HM Prison Hollesley Bay
HM Prison Hollesley Bay, known locally as Hollesley Bay Colony (to which signposts still point) or simply The Colony, is a Category D men's prison and Young Offender Institution, located in the village of Hollesley, about 8 miles (13 km) from the town of Woodbridge in Suffolk, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. History Hollesley Bay began in 1887 as a colonial college training those intending to emigrate. The prison had housed a labour colony for the London unemployed. The land was originally purchased by Joseph Fels, an American soap-manufacturing millionaire and friend of George Lansbury, the prominent Christian Socialist who was also a leading member of the Poplar Board of Guardians. In 1905 Fels transferred the land to the London Unemployed Fund, who in turn handed it over to the Central Unemployed Body for London. Subsequently it was taken over by London County Council. There were a number of similar labour colonies across Britain. Thei ...
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Harold Hart Mann
Harold Hart Mann (16 October 1872 – 2 December 1961) was an English chemist, bacteriologist, and agricultural scientist who worked in India serving as principal of the College of Agriculture, Poona. He was a specialist on tea cultivation but later became a pioneer of sociological research. Life and work Mann was born in York to W. E. Mann. After studying at Elmfield School and Yorkshire College at Leeds, where he studied chemistry, he moved to the Pasteur Institute in Paris where he trained under Émile Duclaux. He received a degree in chemistry in 1892 and took an interest in bacteriology. He worked as a chemist with the Royal Agricultural Society from 1895 to 1900 as an assistant to J.A. Voelcker before moving to India. Mann joined as Chief Scientific Officer of Indian Tea Association in 1900 and extensively traveled in Assam and North East India for scientific research on early tea plantations. He was instrumental in setting up the world's first tea research institut ...
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Gilbert John Fowler
Gilbert John Fowler (23 January 1868 – 21 March 1953) was a British biochemist who worked on pollution, decomposition and sewage treatment in Britain and later in India where he established the first research laboratory in biochemistry at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore. He established the earliest ideas for the activated sludge process of sewage treatment by examining bacterial growth and noting their oxygen requirement. Life and career Fowler was born in Paris to Robert John and Priscilla (Alleston) Fowler and was educated at Sidcot School and then Owen's College, Manchester where he later joined to work as a Demonstrator in Chemistry. His early work was in metallurgy and he received a Dalton Prize for his study on silver suboxide. Fowler then joined the chemistry department of the University of Manchester as a lecturer and then worked as a consultant to the Rivers Committee. He worked on effluent treatment and received a D.Sc. from Heidelberg University in 1904. ...
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John Walter Leather
John Walter Leather (26 December 1860 – 14 November 1934) was an agricultural chemist who worked in India as the first Imperial Agricultural Chemist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in Pusa, Bihar. Appointed in 1892, he worked on a variety of agricultural production and chemistry related issues in India. Biography Leather was born at Rainhill, Lancashire on 26 December 1860. After school he joined his father's chemical factory at St. Helens. In 1883 he went to study chemistry at Bonn under August Kekule. He received a PhD in 1886 and became an assistant to J A Voelcker. His work included methods to detect castor seeds in animal feed. In 1891 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the Harris Institute, Preston but in the next year he was appointed chemist to the agricultural department in India at the recommendation of Voelcker. In 1906 he was designated as the Imperial agricultural chemist, a position he held until his retirement in 1916. His work include ...
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Sheila Leather
Sheila Leather (17 January 1898 - 27 January 1983) was an engineer, business owner and president of the Women's Engineering Society in 1950–51. Early life Sheila Leather was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire on 17 January 1898 to Annie (née Lyon) and John Walter Leather, an analytical chemist. She had two sisters, Alice Muriel born in 1889 and Wenonah Hardwick born in 1890. Her father was the head of the chemical department at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute established in 1904 at Pusa in Bihar, India. Leather was a boarder at Liverpool High School for Girls in 1911, and it is assumed both her older sisters were in India with their father, as Alice Muriel married Claud Mews Mackenzie Hutchinson in 1914. Her other sister Wenonah Hardwick married Eric Cecil Ansorge in 1915. Both weddings took place in Pusa. Career Before the Second World War Leather was a Physical Training Lecturer at Hockerill Teacher Training College, Bishop Stortford Hertfordshire, having train ...
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Eric Cecil Ansorge
Sir Eric Cecil Ansorge, CSI, CIE, FRES (6 March 1887 - 3 January 1977) was a British Indian Civil Service officer who worked in Orissa and Bihar in India. He was also a keen amateur entomologist, writing an official report on silk industry along with Harold Maxwell-Lefroy while in India apart from making collections of beetles and butterflies. He was knighted upon his retirement in 1946. Ansorge was born in England, the son of explorer naturalist William John Ansorge who had just moved from Mauritius to England. He was educated at St. Paul's School after which he went to St. John's College, Oxford, qualifying the Indian Civil Services in 1911. He worked in Orissa, Bihar, and was posted Commissioner for the Andaman Islands but did not serve there due to the Japanese occupation of the islands. While in India, he coauthored a report on the silk industry along with Harold Maxwell-Lefroy. He also briefly served in Nyasaland. He returned to England from India in 1946 and lived at Cha ...
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Agricultural Chemists
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food Economic surplus, surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into Food, foods, Fiber, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (such as Natural rubber, rubber). Food clas ...
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