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Classes Plantarum
''Classes Plantarum'' ('Classes of plants', Leiden, Oct. 1738) is a book that was written by Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist. The Latin-language book is an elaboration of aphorisms 53–77 of his ''Fundamenta Botanica'' and a complementary volume to his ''Species Plantarum'', ''Genera Plantarum'', ''Critica Botanica'', and ''Philosophia Botanica''. Bibliographic details Full bibliographic details including exact dates of publication, pagination, editions, facsimiles, brief outline of contents, location of copies, secondary sources, translations, reprints, manuscripts, travelogues, and commentaries are given in Stafleu and Cowan's ''Taxonomic Literature''.Stafleu & Cowan, p. 81. See also * ''Systema Naturae'' References Bibliography * Frans Safleu, Stafleu, Frans A. & Richard Cowan (taxonomist), Cowan, Richard S. 1981. "Taxonomic Literature. A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications with dates, Commentaries and Types. Vol III: Lh–O." ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classes Plantarum 1738
Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differently from such group phenomena as "types" or "kinds" * Class (set theory), a collection of sets that can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share * Hazard class, a dangerous goods classification * Social class, the hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society, usually defined by wealth and occupation * Working class, can be defined by rank, income or collar Arts, entertainment, and media *The Class (song), "The Class" (song), 1959 Chubby Checker song *Character class in role-playing games and other genres *Class 95 (radio station), a Singaporean radio channel Films *Class (film), ''Class'' (film), 1983 American film *The Class (2007 film), ''The Class'' (2007 film), 2007 Estonian film *The Class (2008 film), ''Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophia Botanica
''Philosophia Botanica'' ("Botanical Philosophy", ed. 1, Stockholm & Amsterdam, 1751.) was published by the Swedish naturalist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) who greatly influenced the development of botanical taxonomy and systematics in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is "''the first textbook of descriptive systematic botany and botanical Latin''". It also contains Linnaeus's first published description of his binomial nomenclature. ''Philosophia Botanica'' represents a maturing of Linnaeus's thinking on botany and its theoretical foundations, being an elaboration of ideas first published in his ''Fundamenta Botanica'' (1736) and '' Critica Botanica'' (1737), and set out in a similar way as a series of stark and uncompromising principles (aphorismen). The book also establishes a basic botanical terminology. The following principle §79 demonstrates the style of presentation and Linnaeus's method of introducing his ideas. A detailed analysis of the work is given i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1738 In Science
The year 1738 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Pierre Louis Maupertuis publishes ''Sur la figure de la terre'', which confirms Newton's view that the Earth is an oblate spheroid slightly flattened at the poles. Botany * Publication of ''Hortus Cliffortianus'', a detailed description by Linnaeus of George Clifford's gardens at Hartekamp, Netherlands, including the raising of exotic plants such as bananas in a greenhouse. Mathematics * Abraham de Moivre publishes the second English edition of his ''The Doctrine of Chances'' containing a study of the coefficients in the binomial expansion of . Medicine * February – Great Plague of 1738, an outbreak of bubonic plague, begins to spread from Banat across central Europe. * Establishment of The Mineral Water Hospital in Bath, England. Metallurgy * July 1 – William Champion of Bristol patents a process to distill zinc from calamine using charcoal in a smelter. Technology * June 24 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botany Books
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Nomenclature
Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from Alpha taxonomy, taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus' ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. Botanical nomenclature is governed by the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (''ICN''), which replaces the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (''ICBN''). Fossil plants are also covered by the code of nomenclature. Within the limits set by that code there is another set of rules, the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)'' which applies to plant cultivars that have been deliberately altered or selected by humans (see cultigen). History and scope Botanical nomenclature has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1738 Books
Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown, when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River, during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escapes, and leaves the slaves locked below decks to die. * January 3 – George Frideric Handel's opera ''Faramondo'' is given its first performance. * January 7 – After the Maratha Empire of India wins the Battle of Bhopal over the Jaipur State, Jaipur cedes the Malwa territory to the Maratha in a treaty signed at Doraha. * February 4 – Court Jew Joseph Süß Oppenheimer is executed in Württemberg. * February 11 – Jacques de Vaucanson stages the first demonstration of an early automaton, ''The Flute Player'' at the Hotel de Longueville in Paris, and continues to display it until March 30. * February 20 – Swedish Levant Company founded. * March 28 – Mariner Robert Jenkins presents a pickled ear, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Cowan (taxonomist)
Richard Sumner Cowan (January 23, 1921 – November 17, 1997) was an American botanist. Early life Richard Sumner Cowan was born on January 23, 1921, in Crawfordsville, Indiana. His family moved to Florida and he was educated in the Tampa, Florida area. He returned to his birthplace in Indiana in 1938, and married Mary Frances Minnich in June 1941. In 1942 he received an AB degree from Wabash College. He joined the US Navy in 1943 and was deployed to the Pacific as a Seabee. While serving in the US Navy, he collected plants on Tinian Island, despite the danger of being shot. He earned his master's degree at the University of Hawaii in 1948, and then got a job at New York Botanical Garden. He joined two expeditions to Venezuela in search of tepuis. The first trip was 5 months long, beginning in October 1950. He completed his PhD in 1952 at Columbia University, after which he continued to work at the Botanical Garden. Richard went back to South America to gather some species in Ama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frans Safleu
Frans is an Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish given name, sometimes as a short form of ''François''. One cognate of Frans in English is ''Francis''. Given name * Frans van Aarssens (1572–1641), Dutch diplomat and statesman * Frans Ackerman (1330–1387), Flemish statesman * Frans Adelaar (born 1960), Dutch football player and manager * Frans Alphons Maria Alting von Geusau (born 1933), Dutch legal scholar and diplomat * Frans Aerenhouts (born 1937), Belgian cyclist * Frans Ananias (born 1972), Namibian footballer * Frans Andersson (1911–1988), Danish bass-baritone * Frans Andriessen (1929–2019), Dutch politician * Frans Anneessens (1660–1719), Flemish protest leader * Frans van Anraat (born 1942), Dutch businessman and convicted war criminal * Frans Badens ( fl. 1571–1618), Flemish painter * Frans Bak (born 1958), Danish composer, choral conductor, saxophonist, and pianist * Frans Decker (1684–1751), 18th-century painter from the Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systema Naturae
' (originally in Latin written ' with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomenclature, was partially developed by the Bauhin brothers, Gaspard and Johann, Linnaeus was first to use it consistently throughout his book. The first edition was published in 1735. The full title of the 10th edition (1758), which was the most important one, was ' or translated: "System of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera and species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places". The tenth edition of this book (1758) is considered the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In 1766–1768 Linnaeus published the much enhanced 12th edition, the last under his authorship. Another again enhanced work in the same style and titled "'" was published by Johann Friedrich Gmelin between 1788 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critica Botanica
''Critica Botanica'' ("Critique of botany", Leiden, July 1737) was written by Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The book was published in Germany when Linnaeus was 29 with a discursus by the botanist Johannes Browallius (1707–1755), bishop of Åbo. The first edition was published in July 1737 under the full title ''Critica botanica in qua nomina plantarum generica, specifica & variantia examini subjiciuntur, selectoria confirmantur, indigna rejiciuntur; simulque doctrina circa denominationem plantarum traditur. Seu Fundamentorum botanicorum pars IV Accedit Johannis Browallii De necessitate historiae naturalis discursus''. Linnaeus's principles of botanical nomenclature were first expounded in ''Fundamenta Botanica'' ("Foundations of botany") of 1736 chapters VII to X which contained the aphorisms (principles) 210 to 324 that outlined the rules for the acceptance and formation of names. These were later elaborated, with numerous e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genera Plantarum
''Genera Plantarum'' is a publication of Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The first edition was issued in Leiden, 1737. The fifth edition served as a complementary volume to ''Species Plantarum'' (1753). Article 13 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants states that "''Generic names that appear in Linnaeus' ''Species Plantarum'' ed. 1 (1753) and ed. 2 (1762–63) are associated with the first subsequent description given under those names in Linnaeus' ''Genera Plantarum'' ed. 5 (1754) and ed. 6 (1764)''." This defines the starting point for nomenclature of most groups of plants.Stafleu, p. 102. The first edition of ''Genera Plantarum'' contains brief descriptions of the 935 plant genera that were known to Linnaeus at that time. It is dedicated to Herman Boerhaave, a Leiden physician who introduced Linnaeus to George Clifford and the medico-botanical Dutch establishment of the day. ''Genera Plantarum'' employed his “sexual system” ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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