|
Clarté (Norway)
Clarté ( French for "clarity") was a socialist and pacifist organisation in Norway. It was founded in 1925, and had its roots in a French-based international organization of the same name. The international organization became defunct in 1923, but French and Swedish branches existed, and Danish and Finnish branches came in 1925 and 1926. In Norway, Clarté was strongly affiliated with the organization ''Mot Dag'', and ''Mot Dag'''s Arne Ording was chairman. Ording also edited the organization's periodical, also named ''Clarté''. This was published between 1929 and 1931. Another Norwegian, Aake Anker Ording, was secretary-general of ''Nordisk Clartéforbund'' (the Nordic Clarté Association) from 1927. Clarté in Norway existed until 1936, when it was reorganized with the new name Forum. ''Mot Dag'' was disestablished in the same year. It split in 1940. In light of the Winter War, then-chairman of ''Forum'', Gudmund Harlem Gudmund Harlem (24 July 1917 – 22 March 1988) was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) largely supplanted. French was also substratum, influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic languages, Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Franks, Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's French colonial empire, past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole language, Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialism
Socialism is a left-wing Economic ideology, economic philosophy and Political movement, movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to Private property, private ownership. As a term, it describes the Economic ideology, economic, Political philosophy, political and Social theory, social theories and Political movement, movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be State ownership, state/public, Community ownership, community, Collective ownership, collective, cooperative, or Employee stock ownership#Employee ownership, employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacifist
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is '' ahimsa'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Indian Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You''. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called " satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the sea co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pax Leksikon
''Pax Leksikon'' is a Norwegian political encyclopedia published in six volumes by the Norwegian publishing house Pax Forlag from 1978 to 1981. Editors were Hans Fredrik Dahl, Jon Elster Jon Elster (; born 22 February 1940, Oslo) is a Norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University. He received his PhD in social science from the École Norma ..., Irene Iversen, Siri Nørve, Tor Inge Romøren, Rune Slagstad and Mariken Vaa. More than 400 experts contributed to the encyclopedia. The encyclopedia has been made available online. List of volumes This is a list of the six volumes of the encyclopedia ''Pax Leksikon'' ( for all volumes 1–6). *Volume 1: A-B. Published 1978 () *Volume 2: C-G. Published 1979 () *Volume 3: H-Ks. Published 1979 () *Volume 4: Ku-N. Published 1980 () *Volume 5: O-Sn. Published 1980 () *Volume 6: So-Å. Published 1981 () References External links * Online vers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mot Dag
Mot Dag (, 'Towards Day') was a Norwegian political group. The group was active from the 1920s to the early 1930s and was first affiliated with the Labour Party. After World War II, many of its former members were leaders in Norwegian politics and cultural activities. History and profile It was established in 1921 under the initiative of Erling Falk (1887–1940), partly with origins in the debate forum in the Social Democratic Student Association () at the University of Oslo; partly from a Falk-led study circle which, from 1919, involved Viggo Hansteen, Axel Sømme, and Arnold Hazeland. Members were strongly linked to Falk's personality and were subject to strict discipline. Falk aimed to develop a body of students and young workers committed to revolutionary socialism: according to George Lakey, the group "sought to replace middle-class individualism with a collective and disciplined spirit". The magazine ''Mot Dag'' was published by the group between 1921 and 1936. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arne Ording
Arne Ording (7 May 1898 – 26 July 1967) was a Norwegian historian and politician for ''Mot Dag'' and the Labour Party. Pre-war life and career Ording was born in Kristiania as a son of theology professor Johannes Ording (1869–1929) and Fredrikke Ording (1874–1966). He was a maternal great-grandson of Andreas Hauge, a nephew of educator and politician Fredrik Ording and theologian Hans Nielsen Hauge Ording, a first cousin of actor Jørn Ording and a second cousin of Aake Anker Ording. He took his examen artium in 1916, and subsequently enrolled at the Royal Frederick University. In 1921 he joined the group around the periodical ''Mot Dag'', and when ''Mot Dag'' was formalized as an organization, Ording became one of the prominent members. ''Mot Dag'' was a revolutionary socialist group, and had a goal of attracting an elite of intellectuals. Ording was also the chairman of the ''Mot Dag''-affiliated organization Clarté, and edited its periodical of the same name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Store Norske Leksikon
The ''Great Norwegian Encyclopedia'' ( no, Store Norske Leksikon, abbreviated ''SNL''), is a Norwegian-language online encyclopedia. The online encyclopedia is among the most-read Norwegian published sites, with more than two million unique visitors per month. Paper editions 1978–2007 The ''SNL'' was created in 1978, when the two publishing houses Aschehoug and Gyldendal merged their encyclopedias and created the company Kunnskapsforlaget. Up until 1978 the two publishing houses of Aschehoug and Gyldendal, Norway's two largest, had published ' and ', respectively. The respective first editions were published in 1907–1913 (Aschehoug) and 1933–1934 (Gyldendal). The slump in sales for paper-based encyclopedias around the turn of the 21st century hit Kunnskapsforlaget hard, but a fourth edition of the paper encyclopedia was secured by a grant of ten million Norwegian kroner from the foundation Fritt Ord in 2003. The fourth edition consisted of 16 volumes, a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aake Anker Ording
Aake Anker Ording (18 December 1899 – 1979) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for Mot Dag and the Labour Party. He was born in Halden. He was a second cousin of actor Jørn Ording and historian and politician Arne Ording, and a first cousin once removed of educator and theologian Fredrik Ording and theologian Hans Nielsen Hauge Ording. He graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.jur. degree in 1924. While studying he joined a study circle of young, revolutionary intellectuals; Aake Anker Ording, Arne Ording, Erling Falk, Viggo Hansteen and Trond Hegna in particular. These would form the backbone of the group Mot Dag. In 1927 Ording became the first secretary-general of ''Nordisk Clartéforbund'' (the Nordic Clarté Association), which organized the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish branches of the organization Clarté. He was probably aware of Erling Falk's infamous embezzlement of Norwegian Students' Society funds in 1926–1927, as he grad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter War
The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финляндская война́ 1939–1940) are often used in Russian historiographybr>В.Н. Барышников. От прохладного мира к Зимней войне. Восточная политика Финляндии в 1930–е годы. Санкт-Петербург, 1997.; О.Д. Дудорова. Неизвестные страницы Зимней войны. In: Военно-исторический журнал. 1991. №9.; Зимняя война 1939–1940. Книга первая. Политическая история. М., 1998. – ; ttp://www.otvaga2004.narod.ru/photo/winterwar/wwar1.htm М. Коломиец. Танки в Зимней войне 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gudmund Harlem
Gudmund Harlem (24 July 1917 – 22 March 1988) was a Norwegian physician and politician for the Labour Party. He was the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs from 1955 to 1961 and Norwegian Minister of Defence from 1961 to 1965 (except for a short break from August to September 1963). As a physician he spent most of his career at Statens Attføringsinstitutt, serving as director from 1970 to 1977. He was then a professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology and director of NTNF. He was the father of former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland and former Norwegian Minister of Justice Hanne Harlem. Early life and political career He was born in Kristiania as a son of Gudmund Harlem, Sr. (1885–1918) and Olga Haug (1887–1942). He finished his secondary education in 1935, enrolled as a student at the University of Oslo in the same year, and graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1946. He fled the country for Sweden in 1943 because of the German occupation, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Socialism")
.svg "Click for more on -> Pacifist")
.svg "Click for more on -> Norway")
