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Cladia Neocaledonica
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, ''Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring from South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1870 with ''Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' and ''Ramalinora'' were nested within ''Cladina'', so they are now synonyms. Because the name ''Heterodea'' predated ''Cladin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladia Aggregata
''Cladia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, '' Cladia aggregata'', is widely distributed, occurring from South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy ''Cladia'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1870 with '' Cladia aggregata'' as the type species. Rex Filson created a separate family, the Cladiaceae, to contain the genus, but this is no longer used and the genus is classified in the family Cladoniaceae. An updated phylogeny of the Cladoniaceae was published in 2018. Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that the genera ''Heterodea'' and ''Ramalinora'' were nested within ''Cladina'', so they are now synonyms. Because the name ''Heterodea'' predated ''Cladina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (biology)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia leva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenopeltella Soiliae
''Lichenopeltella'' is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes with 48 species. Its classification is incertae sedis with respect to familial and ordinal placement within the class. It maybe in Trichothyriaceae. Species *'' Lichenopeltella alpestris'' (2007) *'' Lichenopeltella ammophilae'' (2007) *'' Lichenopeltella arctomiae'' (2009) *'' Lichenopeltella biatorae'' (2009) *'' Lichenopeltella bunodophoronis'' (1997) *'' Lichenopeltella cetrariae'' (1919) *''Lichenopeltella cetrariicola'' (1989) *''Lichenopeltella cladoniarum'' (1995) *'' Lichenopeltella communis'' (2010) *'' Lichenopeltella coppinsii'' (1999) *'' Lichenopeltella cupularum'' (2007) *'' Lichenopeltella epiphylla'' (1988) *'' Lichenopeltella fimbriata'' (2007) *'' Lichenopeltella heppiae'' (2012) *'' Lichenopeltella heterodermiae'' (1997) *'' Lichenopeltella heterodermiicola'' (2002) *'' Lichenopeltella hydrophila'' (2001) *'' Lichenopeltella hypogymniae'' (1997) *'' Lichenopeltella hypotr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endococcus Cladiae
''Endococcus'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) in the family Lichenotheliaceae. It has 44 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1855. Although at least one source places the genus in the Verrucariaceae, a 2016 study of the type species, '' Endococcus rugulosus'', determined that it should instead be placed in the family Lichenotheliaceae of the order Dothideales Dothideales are an order of bitunicate fungi consisting mainly of saprobic or plant parasitic species. Description Taxa in this order are characterized by the absence of a hamathecium (defined as hyphae or other tissues between asci) in a loc ...; this classification echoes a placement proposed in 1979 by David Hawksworth. Species *'' Endococcus alectoriae'' *'' Endococcus apicicola'' *'' Endococcus brachysporus'' *'' Endococcus caudisporus'' *'' Endococcus cladiae'' *'' Endococcus exerrans'' *'' Endococcus freyi'' *'' Endococcus fusiger'' *'' Endoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenidium Actinellum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with '' Pyrenidium actinellum'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in Dacampiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a lineage distinct from the genera in that family. Description Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the host thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate asci th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenoconium Echinosporum
''Lichenoconium'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Lichenoconiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Petrak and Hans Sydow in 1927. Species The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ... accepts 16 species in ''Lichenoconium'': * '' Lichenoconium aeruginosum'' * '' Lichenoconium cargillianum'' * '' Lichenoconium christiansenii'' * '' Lichenoconium echinosporum'' * '' Lichenoconium edgewoodense'' * '' Lichenoconium erodens'' * '' Lichenoconium follmannii'' * '' Lichenoconium hawksworthii'' * ''Lichenoconium laevisporum'' * ''Lichenoconium lecanorae'' * ''Lichenoconium lichenicola'' * ''Lichenoconium parasiticum'' * ''Lichenoconium plectocarpoides'' * ''Lichenoconium pyxidatae'' * ''Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinothecium Cladoniae
''Echinothecium'' is a genus of fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ... in the family Capnodiaceae. References Capnodiaceae Dothideomycetes genera Taxa named by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Taxa described in 1898 {{Capnodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 class (biology), classes and 19 order (biology), orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidia
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospore {{Short pages monitor [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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